on education are examined empirically, at both the household and the individual level. Results are mixed, though the … balance of evidence weighs toward pro-male bias in spending on education at the household level. Results also indicate that …

We study the effect of child care costs on the fertility behavior of Swedish women and find that reductions in child … care charges influence fertility decisions, even when costs are initially highly subsidized. Exploiting the exogenous … costs on fertility in a context in which child care enrolment is almost universal and the labor force participation of …