"Many educators and policymakers have argued for lenient grade promotion policy - even automatic promotion - in developing country settings where grade retention rates are high. The argument assumes that grade retention discourages persistence or continuation in school and that the promotion of...

"Patrinos and Sakellariou use a nationally representative household survey to estimate returns to schooling in Venezuela from instrumental variables based on a supply-side intervention in the education market. These estimates apply to a subgroup of liquidity-constrained individuals, in the...

Enthält nach den einleitenden Grußworten Diskussionen zu folgenden Themen: 1. Zu wenig Neues aus der Denkfabrik? (Glotz, Peter. - Patzig, Günter. - Altner, Helmut) 2. Herausforderung Kommunikationswelt (Jessen, Eike. - Gumbrecht, Hans. - Reich, Jens. - Pütz, Jean. - Büttner, Helmut)...

The demand for skills has been increasing significantly in Vietnam, due to a combination of inter-industry employment changes, capital accumulation and some evidence which is consistent with skill-biased technical change. As a result employment opportunities for tertiary graduates now exist in...

This report assesses and analyzes the current state of the Malaysian university system and makes recommendations on ways to further strengthen existing higher education institutions. It looks in particular at the policy framework needed to support the growth and development of the higher...

Countries that invest heavily and effectively in education and skills to produce information and knowledge will benefit economically and socially. The European Union (EU) has set the goal to make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world. Turkey, in its Ninth...

Chapter one provides background and context for these policy notes. It includes information on the history of Higher and Tertiary Education (HTEs), learning structures, the economy, relevant legal frameworks, and the general education sector. Chapter two deals with quality assurance: the...

"The author assesses empirically the relationship between natural disaster risk and investment in education. Although the results in the empirical literature tend to be inconclusive, using model averaging methods in the framework of cross-country and panel regressions, this paper finds an...

"Political economy explanations for fiscal profligacy are dominated by models of bargaining among organized interest groups over group-specific targeted benefits financed by generalized taxation. These models predict that governments consisting of a coalition of political parties spend more than...