. -- Trade integration ; gravity ; trade costs ; multilateral resistance ; industries ; disaggregation ; European Union … trade barriers for manufacturing industries in European Union countries between 1999 and 2003. We find a large degree of … trade cost heterogeneity across industries. The most important trade barriers are transportation costs and policy factors …

trade barriers for manufacturing industries in European Union countries between 1999 and 2003. We find a large degree of … trade cost heterogeneity across industries. The most important trade barriers are transportation costs and policy factors …

this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of standard gravity estimation to spatial aggregation. We build a model in which …. Even if no border frictions exist at the micro level, gravity estimation on aggregate data can still produce large border …

trade barriers for manufacturing industries in European Union countries between 1999 and 2003. We find a large degree of … trade cost heterogeneity across industries. The most important trade barriers are transportation costs and policy factors …

. -- international border effects ; intranational home bias ; domestic borders ; gravity ; trade costs …

this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of standard gravity estimation to spatial aggregation. We build a model in which …. Even if no border frictions exist at the micro level, gravity estimation on aggregate data can still produce large border …

this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of standard gravity estimation to spatial aggregation. We build a model in which … smaller. We call this mechanism the spatial attenuation effect. Even if no border frictions exist at the micro level, gravity …