Policymakers all over the world claim: no innovation without protection. For more than a century, critics have objected …. It is possible to model innovation as a prisoner's dilemma between potential innovators, and to interpret intellectual …

Policymakers all over the world claim: no innovation without protection. For more than a century, critics have objected …. It is possible to model innovation as a prisoner's dilemma between potential innovators, and to interpret intellectual …

innovation. Innovation changes the status quo pay-off, and thereby affects the distribution of the gains from collusion. The … resulting innovation incentive is strictly smaller than in the competitive case. …

innovate and access to innovation is an empirical question. It is a challenging one to answer, both because innovation is … advantage of the TRIPS-induced law change to empirically estimate the impact of patent duration on innovation. I find evidence … for an increase in innovation due to patent term extension following TRIPS. Both patent counts and citation …

complements problem but not the double mark-up problem. Vertical integration discourages entry and reduces innovation incentives …, while horizontal integration always encourages entry and innovation. …