. There are also important market and regulatory failures that constrain mobility and reduce the net benefits of migration … local, regional, and foreign markets; (2) remittances and investment subsidies to promote job creation and labor … internalize the social costs of migration in receiving regions; and (5) more flexible private sector driven schemes to regulate …

Armenia, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan have all experienced substantial out-migration of workers and an … associated inflow of workers' remittances over the past two decades. These four countries have much higher human capital, as … workers' remittances has had effects analogous to those of Dutch disease in the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan, which have …

"Temporary migration programs for unskilled workers are increasingly being proposed as a way to both relieve labor … permanent migration. New Zealand's new Recognized Seasonal Employer program is designed to enable unskilled workers from the …

would be unlikely to be accepted under existing migration channels. Nevertheless, the program workers from Vanuatu tend to …