and 2014, in terms of the steel products exported and the market destination for those exports. To shed light on how …

Portugal has notably increased its international openness over recent decades, with exports’ share of GDP rising by 20 … expansion. While an improvement in price competitiveness played a significant role, the majority of the increase in exports was …

added in its own exports, its capacity to provide intermediate inputs to other countries’ exports is still limited. This …

sectors and regions. In a first step, firm level data are used to assess the empirical relationship between exports and three …

increases employment and average wages. Gains in productivity and employment are particularly large when firms enter exports …

exporter and its trading partners, are main determinants of what and where a country exports. By contrast, we find that trade … policies based on tariffs on imported goods not only generate negative spillovers to trading partners by reducing their exports …, but they are also likely to reduce exports of countries that impose the tariffs, in particular in industries that rely …