changes towards democracy when states have low GDP relative to their neighbours. -- political competition ; dictatorship … ; democracy ; transitions … subjects may exit. In a simple model, both kinds of competition are substitutes. Internal competition (democracy) benefits …

subjects may exit. In a simple model, both kinds of competition are substitutes. Internal competition (democracy) bene … democracy, and rulers are less eager to oppose it, when external competition is high. In a panel of countries, there are fewer … changes towards democracy when states have low GDP relative to their neighbours. …

Under dictatorship, trade unions and strikes are illegal, and so wages are low and employment is full. Under democracy … and asset-holders-the latter vote, but supply capital rather than labor. In the move from dictatorship to democracy, the … of CES production functions, it is indeed the case that the democracy-favoring coalition grows with economic development …

; Degree of Democracy ; Dictatorship … ; Abwahl ; Arabischer Frühling ; Demokratie ; Diktatur ; Neue politische Ökonomie …

Group-based identity undermines democracy by impeding democratic change of government. A substantial literature has … therefore studied how to make democracy consistent with group identity. We contribute to this literature by introducing the role … or replacement of local government because of disfunctionality. Our general contribution is to show how democracy can …

Group-based identity undermines democracy by impeding democratic change of government. A substantial literature has … therefore studied how to make democracy consistent with group identity. We contribute to this literature by introducing the role … or replacement of local government because of disfunctionality. Our general contribution is to show how democracy can …

Alienation to politics weakens political competition and can undermine the acceptance and legitimacy of democracy as a …