levels gives rise to the use of firm-level wage agreements reached by unions, while coverage by industry-wide contracts is …

We study sequential bargaining between two unions and a single firm. Parties bargain bilaterally and efficiently (over … wage and employment). The unions' workforces can be substitutable ("tariff competition") or complementary ("tariff … plurality" or "craft unionism"). If unions are substitutable, then too many workers from the first union are employed at the …