. -- public sector ; rents ; life satisfaction ; corruption ; judicial independence … rents. Those rents can involve higher wages, monetary and non-monetary fringe benefits (e.g. pensions and staffing), and …/or bribes. We propose a direct measure to capture the total of these rents: the difference in reported subjective well …

rents. Those rents can involve higher wages, monetary and non-monetary fringe benefits (e.g., pensions and staffing), and …/or bribes. We propose a direct measure to capture the total of these rents: the difference in reported subjective well … extent of rents in the public bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional constraints and …

Institutions affect bureaucrats' possibilities to acquire rents; they determine the degree of accountability and … responsiveness of officials and of political control of the bureaucracy and, thereby, the size and distribution of rents in the … public sphere. Those rents can involve higher wages, monetary and nonmonetary fringe benefits, and bribes. We propose a …