ecclesiastical conflicts shows that religous fractionalization likely has negative effects on economic growth. -- Conflict ; religion … ultimate determinants of conflict. However, fractionalization in all its demographic forms is endogenous in the long run. In … the relationship between fractionalization and the propensity of internal conflict statistically insignificant. Finally …

military conquests in Europe significantly reduced intra-European feuds. -- cooperation ; conflict ; religion ; institutions …This paper emphasizes that the evolution of religious institutions in Europe was influenced by the expansionary threat … rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the …

We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between … the time of the election. We exploit this variation to analyze the causal effect of a divided conclave on conflict. We … find that an increase of one standard deviation in our measure of polarization raised the likelihood of internal conflict …

This paper presents a novel approach to accounting for subnational conflict exposure and provides new insights into the … causal medium-run effects of conflict on economic development. The existing literature has not reached a consensus on whether … civil conflict can permanently alter economic growth trajectories. This study identifies the source of this disagreement as …

spatial inequality, national economic performance, and the incidence of armed conflict. By providing a theoretical rent …

review on the role of civilian agency in conflict; on wartime institutions; and on the private sector in conflict. Future …We survey selected parts of the growing literature on the microeconomics of violent conflict, identifying where … research requires new and better sources of data on conflict and conflict impacts, including from household surveys in conflict …

-colonial autocratic institutions within ethnic groups and the emergence of autocratic institutions across countries. Diversity has … amplified the importance of institutions in mitigating the adverse effects of non-cohesiveness on productivity, while … contributing to the scope for domination, leading to the formation of institutions of the autocratic type. …

We examine whether frontier rule, which disallows frontier residents from a recourse to formal institutions of conflict …km-by10km grid cell-level data on conflict in a spatial regression discontinuity design framework, we show that areas … conflict management, led to a sharp surge in attacks against state targets in frontier areas. We show that the surge in …

ethnic conflict. A new type of bargaining failure due to multiple types of potential conflicts (and hence multiple threat …