Factors determining United States’ trade balance with Italy (NE) are examined, and tests for long run relationships performed. Results suggest the main determinant of NE is the output ratio, followed by the price ratio, real exchange rate, lending rate ratio, and the money supply ratio, which...

This study investigates the relationship between trade openness and economic growth for Japan and South Korea employing data, estimation technique, model specification, and measures of openness that differ from earlier related works. In contrast to earlier related works this study uses...