Eastern European and Former Soviet Union countries diverged massively. Institutions are a main reason. The EU anchor thesis … posits that the prospect of membership in the European Union (EU) played a key role in filling in the institutional vacuum …, focusing on whether the prospect of EU membership accelerated institutional development and, if so, whether this was indeed …

-club. Seen through the lens of club goods theory, the EU is a club of nations, each of which can be interpreted as itself a club … automatically benefit from the EU wide meta-club good. We characterize the unique equilibrium when individual clubs that may differ …

European Union (EU), had successfully completed negotiations and fulfilled all accession requirements, taken membership in the … European Economic Area (with full access to the Single Market), but decided in a referendum to reject full-fledged EU … politically driven economic benefits from EU membership: if Norway had joined the EU in 1995, productivity levels between 1995 and …

European Union (EU) in the 1973, 1980s, 1995 and 2004 enlargements, if those countries had not joined the EU. We find large … positive effects from EU membership but these differ across countries and over time (they are only negative for Greece). We …

This paper analyses the trade balance effects of Europe agreements (EA) between the EU-15 and four new EU members from …

European Union (EU) enlargement, when all candidate countries joined the Single Market but one - Norway - did not join the EU …

This paper investigates the determinants of the service sector employment share in the EU-15, for the aggregate service … achieving higher employment levels in Europe. This paper focuses on the role of barriers in the EU-15 which may have hindered …