At the end of June 1999 the intra-EU duty free shopping was abolished among the fifteen member nations. The opponents … of this resolution argued that such a tax-free sales sector created jobs EU-wide and hardly reduced the value added and … the travel fare within the EU but also could be characterised as a supplement to the normal retail trade for some products …

We estimate the pro-competitive effects of Austria's participation in the Single Market after its EU accession in 1995 …

of Asian suppliers and hosts as a result of EU integration deepening and widening in the nineties. Based on recent …), trade resistance factors on the EU import side can be explained mainly by slow growth in Europe in the first half of the … of the Europe Agreements. As trade overlaps between Asian and CEE supply on EU markets are low, the trade diversion fear …

substantially from accession to the internal market, although some sectors in these countries will shrink. Most EU countries will …