first child raised fertility and increased the probability that the family was living without a father. We find that for our … associated with lower fertility, particularly for natives. Thus, by the 2008-2013 period, any apparent son preference in … fertility decisions appears to have been outweighed by factors such as cost concerns in raising girls or increased female …

first child raised fertility and increased the probability that the family was living without a father. We find that for our … associated with lower fertility, particularly for natives. Thus, by the 2008-2013 period, any apparent son preference in … fertility decisions appears to have been outweighed by factors such as cost concerns in raising girls or increased female …

not a strictly binding constraint. To investigate whether such adjustments could apply to fertility, we estimate the … fertility cost of temperature shocks by shifting conception month. This dynamic adjustment helps explain the observed decline in … on our analysis of historical changes in the temperature-fertility relationship, we conclude air conditioning could be …

Scholars have been examining the relationship between fertility and unemployment for more than a century. Most studies … find that fertility falls with unemployment in the short run, but it is not known whether these negative effects persist … period 1975 to 2010, we analyze both the short and long-run effects of unemployment on fertility. We follow fixed cohorts of …

undocumented immigrants' fertility. We find that a one standard deviation increases in enforcement lowers childbearing among likely …

headship and raised fertility. In light of the substantial increase in immigration, we examine this question separately for … lower fertility. Thus, by the 2008-2013 period, any apparent son preference among natives in their fertility decisions …, we do find a positive fertility effect, suggesting son preference in fertility among this group. This interpretation is …

licenses can affect undocumented migrants' fertility decisions. Using a differencein- differences strategy based on temporal …

19th century in the United States. We construct new measures of fertility changes and measures of railroad access at the … county level from 1850 - 1890. We are able to document market-access-induced changes in fertility due to both extensive … margins (shifts in occupations with different average fertility rates) and intensive margins (changes in fertility within each …

administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until …

administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until …