We study the risk of automation, the unfeasibility of teleworking and the risk of contagion due to physical proximity in the six largest economies in Latin America. We find that workers with low education, informal, and low-wage levels are the most exposed to this type of risk. Automation and...

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la evolución de la estabilidad del empleo en el mercado de trabajo español a lo largo del periodo 1987-2003, así como los colectivos (definidos por características individuales y laborales) que han experimentado una mayor inestabilidad. La...

Advances in IT, changes in the organizational structures of companies, the growth of the services sector, and new forms of organising work are factors that have contributed to the growth of self-employment. In Spain individual entrepreneurs with no salaried workers account for most of the...

This study provides a general overview of the development of self-employment based on the analysis of the shift from paid to self-employment and looks at the factors leading to its growth from a socio-economic viewpoint. The study will then assess the various means of providing freelance work,...

Since the 1990s we have witnessed how the notion of “social enterprises” has emerged in most European countries under the combined pressure of a growth in the need for people and in the need for jobs. These new enterprises generally take the form of associations or cooperatives, which are...

This article draws comparisons between the various different proposals put forward for the creation of a self-employment law in Spain. The first of these proposals has been drawn up by an Expert Committee appointed by the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs and the other three, by...

One of the main objectives of the employment policies currently being implemented in the Spanish labour market is to promote and develop self-employment. This article studies and analyses the current situation and the recent growth of self-employment in Spain, and provides a number of...

This paper analyses a modern-day problem: the cost to government of jobs in social integration enterprises. At present there is a debate concerning their positive (subsidy-related) and negative aspects (regarding the savings they generate in social post-programmes and the revenue generated...

This article assesses explanations for the different way in which women participate in cooperatives as opposed to employee-owned companies (regardless of whether they are limited or not). It takes as its basis existing empirical evidence on female participation in these enterprises, evidence...