This article describes how being pushed and pulled by a variety of external and internal factors, the Chinese government had begun to adopt and implement its smart city initiatives. Despite the strong financial and institutional supports from the central government, the performances of smart...

Quantifying and designing the cost pool generated by Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&A) would improve cost transparency and invoicing processes, allowing a fairer, more exact allocation of costs to service consumers. Yet there is still no method for determining BI&A costs to provide a...