This paper investigated the driving force of diffusion in smart phone market by analysing usage of them and making their component model. Main findings are following four: 1) In Korea and Japan their average smart phones' traffic per user has been the world's highest level. But its diffusion...

Taking global value chains (GVCs) into account has important implications for trade policy. When production is vertically fragmented and trade in intermediate inputs is prevalent, one has to look differently at a certain number of issues. Through case studies, this paper provides new evidence on...

In addition to firm and industry characteristics, the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment (FDI) has to be taken into account when analyzing the determinants of outward FDI. We combine two firm-specific datasets on German firms with subsidiaries and joint ventures in the Czech Republic,...