suggests that consumers may benefit most from legal unbundling with strong regulation and parts of ownership given to a … several downstream firms. Under legal unbundling the bottleneck must be operated by a legally independent upstream firm, which … firm can perform non-tariff discrimination. Under perfect legal unbundling the upstream firm maximizes only own profits …

-reducing, EU law requires unbundling (separation) of the VIU networks. However, the EU allows its member states the choice between … incomplete (legal) and complete (ownership) unbundling. There is tantalizing anecdotal evidence that VIUs have tried to influence … are perceived as more corrupt are indeed more likely to apply weaker forms of unbundling. Somewhat surprisingly, we do not …

Regulation plays a key part in public service reforms. However, corruption and the risk of capture may undermine the …

and decreasing in officials’ corruption. In contrast to the “tollbooth view” of regulation, the standard chosen by a self … benevolent regulator. International evidence on environmental regulation show that standards correlate positively with percapita …

and decreasing in officials' corruption. In contrast to the "tollbooth view" of regulation, the standard chosen by a self … benevolent regulator. International evidence on environmental regulation show that standards correlate positively with per …