The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of vertical unbundling on German electric utilities. Our … supply. Overall, we have two main conclusions. First, the major step in the unbundling process is from "lean legal unbundling …" to "fat legal unbundling"; additional steps beyond that are small, both in benefits and in costs. Second, the benefits of …

This paper explores the relation between the regulation of monopolistic upstream prices and the incentives of a …

used to determine future prices when subject to a lower-powered regulation mechanism. The difference is particularly …

subject to a lower-powered regulation mechanism. The difference is particularly significant (about 7%) for firms in the upper …

requirements, (international) benchmarking is not an adequate tool for the regulation of transmission system operators (TSO … high. The paper discusses options to reduce the weight of benchmarking in TSO regulation and options that do not rely on …

, while we highlight the major points concerning competition regulation, which are related to the effort for the establishment …

ideological differences in the effect of independent sector regulation on access to electricity and installed capacity. We find … negative impact from independent regulation on installed capacity in countries with leftwing governments while we find a …

could not find any evidence that (ownership) unbundling and incentive regulation affect R&D expenditures of the utilities. … of regulation on R&D investment. Nearing competition has a dampening effect on R&D spending, but once the market and …