consumption: cross-border trade costs. We use data on cross-border e-commerce between EU Member States to estimate the implied … channels is generally positive for EU Member States, ranging between 0.07 and 0.25 per cent of GDP. As such, this paper adds an …

-border e-commerce between EU Member States to estimate the implied cross-border trade cost reduction when consumers move from … adds 0.14% to EU GDP. Additional policy measures to facilitate cross-border e-commerce between EU Member States could add …