bottom-up (RTA-driven) or top-down (WTO-driven) approach. It considers the degree of convergence, homogeneity, discrimination … OECD work on RTAs by examining regional provisions that deepen (WTO-plus) and expand (WTO-beyond) multilateral commitments … across a broad range of policy areas. It finds that WTO-plus measures are becoming more widespread and similar over time …

discussion on strengthening transparency in the World Trade Organization (WTO), scant attention has been paid to the evolution of … deepen existing multilateral transparency commitments (“WTO-plus”), but expand them to new areas that do not have precedents … in WTO agreements (“WTO-beyond”). In particular, the paper illuminates a number of options that may be useful for policy …

transparency commitment negotiated in an RTA is associated with an increase in bilateral trade flows of more than one percent …

restrictions. The WTO provides a general prohibition on quantitative export restrictions but the broad and, at times, ambiguous … exceptions somewhat vitiate the ban. Moreover, export taxes are not explicitly forbidden in the WTO. This study suggests that … there are a number of ways by which WTO disciplines could benefit from the approaches found in some RTAs in the area of …

transparency commitment negotiated in an RTA is associated with an increase in bilateral trade flows of more than one percent …

discussion on strengthening transparency in the World Trade Organization (WTO), scant attention has been paid to the evolution of … deepen existing multilateral transparency commitments (“WTO-plus”), but expand them to new areas that do not have precedents … in WTO agreements (“WTO-beyond”). In particular, the paper illuminates a number of options that may be useful for policy …

multilateral trading system in the form of the World Trade Organization (WTO) of free trade agreements (FTAs) at a time when FTAs … of the Doha Round, WTO Members have increasingly formed FTAs with more than one large economy; plurilateral as well as … bilateral groupings; and agreements including WTO-plus commitments. Further, Members have pursued plurilateral subject …

are most commonly found in RTA chapters on e-commerce or in those dedicated to Customs and trade facilitation. Their … and deeper paperless trade provisions than those featured in the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. A more detailed …

are most commonly found in RTA chapters on e-commerce or in those dedicated to Customs and trade facilitation. Their … and deeper paperless trade provisions than those featured in the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. A more detailed …