Understanding trade costs is essential for formulating policy interventions designed to reduce such costs. This report … synthesises all OECD work on cost factors across the entire trade chain. These factors can be located behind the border, such as … non-tariff regulatory measures, market access restrictions, trade finance availability and costs and general impediments …

In the midst of the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, trade and economic growth face new challenges as the Russian … of China’s trade performance has fallen short of expectations. Merchandise trade is recovering slowly and has been … vehicles, have not regained their pre-pandemic share in global trade. Services trade has yet to recover losses incurred during …

3D printing technologies have attracted the attention of the trade policy community for their potential to disrupt … international trade. It is argued that greater cross-border exchange in design files for local printing may lead to less trade in …, proxied by measures of imports of 3D printers, appears to be complementary to goods trade. On average, an increase of around …

Services play a more important role in trade and employment in the United Kingdom than in most other OECD countries …. The UK services sector is supported by an open and transparent trade regime, policies that support competition and …, certain barriers to services trade remain. This report sheds light on the role of services trade in the UK economy, describing …

trade costs. Growing interest in the economic and societal impacts of AI has also prompted interest in the trade … implications of this new technology. While AI technologies have the potential to fundamentally change trade and international … business models, trade itself can also be an important mechanism through which countries and firms access the inputs needed to …

discussions on data localisation, be they in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) or in the context of the WTO Joint Statement …

multilateral trade negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda. This paper: discusses methodological issues associated with …

This paper uses newly released OECD data on services trade restrictions (STRI) to analyse the relationship between … services trade restrictions, cross-border trade in services and trade in downstream manufactured goods. A standard gravity … model is enhanced by the STRI indices in a cross-section regression analysis. Services trade restrictions are negatively …

This study provides data on the costs and challenges of implementing trade facilitation measures currently under … developing countries. The study confirms earlier findings that the costs of putting in place and maintaining trade facilitation …

This paper presents the scoring and weighting methodology for calculation of the services trade restrictiveness indices … reconcile the complexity of services trade restrictions with binary scoring, non-binary measures are broken down to multiple …