If trade barriers are managed by inefficient institutions, trade liberalization can lead to greater-than-expected gains …

This paper examines the effect of a change in U.S. trade policy on the domestic investment of U.S. manufacturers. Using … uncertainty exhibit relative declines in investment after the change in trade policy. Within industries, we find that this …

divergent trade patterns for different economies. We provide evidence that the level of development governs the relevance of …

This paper provides a simply theory to explain the impact of sanctions on a regime's policies and behavior. Sanctions … discontent in the population. We show however that sanctions may give legitimacy to an incumbent government by influencing the … state of nature sanctions build resilience as long as religious ideology among the population is strong, at bad times they …

This paper provides a simply theory to explain the impact of sanctions on a regime's policies and behavior. Sanctions … discontent in the population. We show however that sanctions may give legitimacy to an incumbent government by influencing the … state of nature sanctions build resilience as long as religious ideology among the population is strong, at bad times they …

This paper develops a general equilibrium model of multi-product firms and analyzes their behavior during trade … (output per product) and extensive (number of products) margins. Trade liberalization fosters productivity growth within and …

.S. trade policy that eliminated potential tariff increases on Chinese imports. Industries where the threat of tariff hikes … the number of firms engaged in China-U.S. trade. These results are robust to other potential explanations of the …