sanctioned markets, while, importantly, the lifting of sanctions is not found to yield symmetric trade recovery effects …. Additionally, sanctions effects are very heterogeneous. Firms that depend more on trade finance instruments are more strongly …How do exporting firms react to sanctions? Specifically, which firms are willing - or capable - to serve the market of …

account for. In particular, consistent with the empirical evidence we find that trade liberalization leads to a higher exit … do not export. We also find that trade iberalization promotes economic growth and that it has the opposite effect of … retarding economic growth in a closely comparable growth model with Melitz-type assumptions. -- Trade liberalization …

This paper explores the role of pooled-producer, e.g. private label, trade intermediation in shaping the range and … diversity of exports. Direct sales maintain a firm's unique product characteristics ('brand equity'), whereas trade through an … trade variety for volume, firms face greater competition from the new pooled-products, and intermediaries capture much of …

analyze whether Aid for Trade (AfT) has helped recipient countries upgrade and diversify their exports. Estimating an … – whereas the effects on primary commodities are typically insignificant. These findings hold not only for trade relations with … donor countries but also in south-south trade with other developing countries. …

links. The data suggests that overseas links are a relatively infrequent form of conducting trade. My findings support the …

recipient countries. Moreover, the literature on aid for trade (AfT) has often neglected that exporters in the donor countries … have promoted the exports of recipient countries. We simultaneously estimate and compare the effects of AfT on trade in …