suppliers. It seems that the nature of the relationships depends on the nature of suppliers. Our examination reveals that four …

firm-specific input suppliers when the final goods producers undertake complete outsourcing or bi-sourcing. Under complete … outsourcing, the final goods producers locate closer as the distance between the input suppliers decreases, but the distance … transportation costs between the input suppliers and the final goods producers depending on the distance between the input suppliers …

of oligopolistic players—pure traders and suppliers with downstream customers—who have access to storage. We show that … the true value of storage capacity is not the same for traders and for suppliers. Comparing the latter value with the …