The spatial concentration of production and population to urban areas is an important theme in societal discussion. The spatial concentration of economic activity is called agglomeration in urban economics. The economic impact of agglomeration is seen in the productivity of firms. Understanding...

This report examines the development and composition of Finland's international trade in services compared to other countries. The findings reveal a substantial growth in Finland’s service exports, though at a slower pace than the EU average. Different countries have specialized in various...

This report examines the resilience of firms during crises from two perspectives: their ability to resist crises and their capacity to recover. The findings reveal that innovative firms are less likely to cease operations than other firms and are more likely to recover faster. The study further...

According to a company survey, global value chains are changing. Even though big changes were expected during the Covid period, the actual changes were quite small at the time. Instead, after the early 2022, more obvious change has already been in the sourcing of materials and parts. They are...

According to our results the imports of services to Finland have increased. The share of services in total imports in Finland is relatively large compared to many other EU countries. Companies often use imported services as their intermediates, with services accounting for nearly half of the...