This paper investigates when and how Islamic political actors support democracy, and in particular, the EU's democratic …-majority, EU applicant states, Turkey and Albania. The analysis suggests that Islamic actors endorsed democratic rules based on a … support for democracy and related EU-demanded reforms, which ultimately improved their fragile domestic power position. In …

freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

lower levels of democracy and development. …

autonomy to each individual as in a direct democracy. The mechanism is designed such that Pareto optimality is possible, in …

, in particular representative democracy with or without referendum. Theoretical and empirical analysis for Swiss cities …