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This paper uses an integrated assessment model to quantify the climate R&D investment strategy for a variety of scenarios fully consistent with 2°C. We estimate the total climate R&D investment needs in approximately 1 USD Trillion cumulatively in the period 2010-2030, and 1.6 USD Trillions in...
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impacts than the extraction of conventional oil. The European Union (EU) estimates that oil sands lead to 22% more emissions … than conventional oil. The EU is very concerned by the potential climate and environmental impacts and has considered … unilateral ban of the EU on unconventional oil has no climate benefits and it is expensive for Europe. …
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important to improve coordination between Member State policies and those at EU level. …
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Despite growing scientific evidence that passing a 2°C temperature increase may trigger tipping points in climate dynamics, most Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) based on Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) with smooth quadratic damage functions are unable to account for the possibility of strong...
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