Germany, the largest European immigration country, are indeed repeat migrants. The findings indicate that immigrants from … circular migration as it is manifested by the frequency of exits of migrants living in Germany, and by the number of years … and to stay out of Germany for longer. Males exit more frequently than females but do not differ in the time spent out …

for Germany, the largest European immigration country, shows that more than 60% of the migrants are indeed repeat migrants …. The out-migration per year is low, about 10%. Migrants are more likely to leave again early after their arrival in Germany …, and when they have social and familial bonds in the home country, but less likely when they have a job in Germany and …

, although only among a number of other determinants. For Germany, legal status at entry is important; former refugees and those …

This paper studies occupational mobility of ethnic German migrants who have entered Germany since 1984. The empirical … analysis suggests significant differences in the probability of downward occupational mobility by gender, immigration status … market position at the time of immigration, but are also able to reach their original occupational status much faster than …

paper, therefore, we illustrate the estimation challenges when migrations are temporary. As in an overwhelming share of the … problem becomes inherently dynamic and requires a more structural approach to estimation, which we briefly discuss. …

panel data from Germany. More than 60% of migrants from the guestworker countries are indeed repeat or circular migrants …. Migrants from European Union member countries, those not owning a dwelling in Germany, the younger and the older (excluding the …