Kritik ist ein wichtiger Teil der Wissenschaft, der jedoch nicht immer hinreichend gewürdigt wird. Dieser Beitrag zeigt … die Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher einschließlich destruktiver Kritik und das Fehlen von Anreizen dazu auf und beinhaltet …Critique is an important part of science and academia that is not always sufficiently recognised. This paper shows the …

, increased division of labor in research, intense publication pressure, academic fraud, dilution of the concept of "university …" and inadequate organizational forms for modern research. Academia, in a broader sense understood as "the locus of seeking … transformation predicted is expected to be fundamental. -- academia ; universities ; research ; rankings ; publications ; fraud …

actors and scientific structures. Science is a dynamic system where research practices produce and reproduce structures that …Four basic problems that a theory of science has to deal with concern epistemology, structure, causality, and dynamics … of science. These problems deal with the relationship of induction/deduction, actors/structures, internal …

The scientific sphere saw continuation of the measures initiated between 2009 and 2010. The Russian research complex … also were alarm bells: specifically, against the backdrop of increasing budget appropriations for civil science Russian …

In 2014, key events in the field of science were unfolding around the continuing reform of the Russian Academy of … tenders run by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) and the creation of a new list of priorities for scientific and … science development were being structured and their activities were adapting to the new system of management. Innovation went …

the Government. State policies for supporting science came to the fore while the encouragement of innovative activities …

studies have analyzed characteristics of science and scientific research. However, the motivations of nations to produce … scientific research are elusive. Firstly, this study reviews the concept of science in literature and suggests a new general … induce nations to perform scientific research and produce science advances, such as the goal of power, wealth, technological …