RER to trade and long run growth and development, analyze the challenges - especially the disconnect between theory and … international trade, economic development and growth. We summarize the main conceptual issues, discuss the relevance of the RER as … some updated estimates and illustrative figures. The mechanisms through which the RER influences long-run growth and …

poverty line. The patterns of growth, precarity, and structural change underlying the emergence of the world's two middles are … although there has been substantial economic growth, only a relatively small group of the new middle-income countries have …

undervaluations increase investment and the share of intermediate and capital goods imported, and decrease the shares of consumption …, wages, the services sector, and consumption goods imported. Overvaluations cause a reduction in investment, and an increase …