Many tournaments are plagued by sabotage among competitors. Typically, sabotage is welfare-reducing, but from an …

Managers often use tournaments which motivate workers to compete for the top, compete to avoid the bottom, or both. In … from agents, especially in contests of a relatively larger size. Avoiding being last is shown to produce the lowest … variance of effort, be more effective and, in larger contests, more efficient than competing for the top. Finally, we show that …

-stage) contests reveals that this is not the case. A structural change that improves the performance in one dimension leads to a …