In der Debatte um eine Fortentwicklung der Europäischen Union sowie der Eurozone hat insbesondere der französische Präsident Emmanuel Macron mit seinen Vorschlägen zur Zukunft Europas von sich reden gemacht. Konkret wirbt er dabei u.a. um ein eigenes Budget für die Eurozone und einen...

In the wake of the euro area crisis, the debate on instruments to deepen economic integration among its members has intensified, among others putting forward a fiscal stabilization capacity for EMU members. Contributions made so far to further this idea have mostly concentrated on the...

We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our aim is to assess whether 'old' and 'new' EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether 'new' ones are assigned lower ratings, ceteris paribus, than 'old' ones. We...