financial inclusion, the second results suggest that, high bank loan prices in election years tend to increase financial access …This paper analyses financial inclusion in Africa focusing on the role of political business cycles and pricing … loan price increases in pre-election and election years. Building on this result and employing various specifications of …

We document a strong political cycle in bank credit and industry outcomes in Turkey. In line with theories of tactical …

on bank lending behaviour in Africa. It employs the dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) Two … regulatory independence of the central bank dampens the positive effect of elections on bank lending around election years while … they amplify the reductive effects on bank lending after election periods. There is a wake-up call for countries with weak …

that gender political inclusion is enhancing on financial inclusion in Africa, and this finding is robust across …

methods show that gender political inclusion is enhancing on financial inclusion in Africa, and this finding is robust across …

(1975 - 2009). We find an increase in the growth rate of M1 during election months of about one tenth of a standard … is related to systemic vote buying which requires significant amounts of cash at election times. The finely timed …

increase in the growth rate of M1 during election months of about one tenth of a standard deviation. A similar effect can … neither be detected in established OECD democracies nor in the months leading up to the election. The effect is larger in … democracies with many poor and uneducated voters, and in Sub-Saharan Africa and in East-Asia and the Pacific. We show that the …

The political business cycle theories describe that election-motivated politicians manipulate economic policy …-making. Election cycles occur in many fiscal variables, for example tax rates. I examine whether electoral motives influence communal … municipalities from seven states over the period 1992-2006. The results show that municipalities increase communal fees in election …