In most European countries in the energy sector, a reconsideration of renewable energy priorities is taking place, increasing consumer safety and protecting the environment through the use of renewable energy sources that provide an affordable and guaranteed solution in the medium and long term....

The central bank's balance sheet has become the main instrument of monetary policy in the aftermath of the GFC and the COVID-19 health crisis. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze changes in the balance sheets' sizes and channels of base money creation in groups of countries, taking note...