Die Kenntnisnahme von Straftaten im Forschungsprozess ist ein forschungsethisches Dilemma und birgt für Forschende Unsicherheiten: Wenn beim Forschen Straftaten bekannt werden, ist oft unklar: Müssen Forschende die Kenntnis von Straftaten verschweigen oder müssen oder sollten sie sie...

Within the growing competition in the world, the development strategy of the economic, social sphere is resource cooperation in the fields of economics, education, culture, industry, agriculture and other sectors of the national production and management system. Some countries do not have...

Research and development (R&D) capabilities generally enable firms to export more. Left underexplored is the question: Does the positive relationship between R&D and exports hold during institutional transitions, which are fundamental and comprehensive changes introduced to the rules of the...

This Chapter discusses the current state of legal, economic and policy research on standards-essential patents (SEPs) and fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) licensing of SEPs, and recommends additional research directions for the future. Areas for future research include the...

We prove that if each generation cares, non-paternalistically, about other generations wellbeing rather than about their choices, and do not curb or otherwise alter future generations choice sets, then backward induction intergenerational choice paths are efficient. This somewhat surprising...

Scientific researchers usually announce their achievements in conferences, magazines, and patent offices. Our study was initiated to improve the ascending ratio of research article publishing versus invention patent filing. World development relies, amongst others, upon two innovation...

In recent decades, Chinese researchers have become preeminent contributors to the scientific enterprise, as reflected by the number of publications originating from Chinese research institutions. China's rise in science has the potential to push forward the global frontier, but mere production...

It is high time for Europe to break its relative decline in the pharmaceutical sector. Europe used to be the preeminent region in the world for Research and Development and innovation in the sector - being the location for a majority of R&D and the development of new medicines. However, its...

We propose a novel mechanism through which established firms contribute to the startup ecosystem: the allocation of R&D tax credits to startups via the M&A channel. We show that when established firms become eligible for R&D tax credits, they increase their R&D and M&A activity. In particular,...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely regarded as a technology which will impact the future competitiveness of the Germaneconomy. Looking at the research productivity of German scientists and universities in AI, we find that Germany definitively belongs tothe top performers in AI research...

We develop a novel measure of political slant in research to examine whether political ideology influences the content and use of academic research. Our measure examines the frequency of citations from think tanks with different political ideologies and allows us to examine both the supply and...

Alfred Marshall and Mary Paley Marshall are often described as the first academic economist couple. Both studied at Cambridge University, where Paley became one of the first women to take the Tripos exam and the first female lecturer in economics, with Marshall’s encouragement. But in later...

Although the limitations of p-values are well known, researchers continue to (mis)use them for lack of awareness of the alternatives. This monograph comprehensively explains the process of scientific inference, of which the p-value is just one component. The inference process is broader,...

This paper aims to identify, synthesise and classify in a systematic way the most relevant challenges for R&I performance in the EU 27 Member States over the last decade. To tackle this issue, we develop a semantic analysis of the assessments included in the European Commission ERAWATCH and RIO...

This paper investigates the impact opening of high-speed railways (HSR) on scientific research competitiveness using data from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research grants. We employ a difference-in-differences framework to estimate the causal effects of the treatment...

Die internen FuE-Aufwendungen sind in Deutschland im Jahr 2019, also dem letzten Jahr vor der Pandemie um 5.1 Prozent auf knapp über 110 Mrd. Euro gestiegen. Den stärksten Anstieg hatte mit gut 6 Prozent der Staatssektor, den Schwächsten mit 4,8 Prozent der Hochschulsektor zu verzeichnen. Im...

Research and development (R&D) expenditure in Germany decreased by 5.3 percent overall in 2020 compared to 2019. While the OECD countries actually slightly increased their R&D expenditure on average for the first time in a crisis-ridden year, it declined more sharply in Germany compared to the...

This paper uses a unique dataset from Lebanon, a developing country with unstable political conditions, to explore the drivers of research outcomes. We use the Negative Binomial model to empirically examine the determinants of the total number of publications and single and co-authored articles....

Die Intensivierung internationaler Forschungs- und Technologiekooperationen kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Überwindung globaler Umweltprobleme leisten. Daher erfolgt in dieser Studie eine Bestandsaufnahme der kooperativen Innovationsaktivitäten bei Umwelttechnologien auf globaler Ebene. Die...

Weltweit werden immer größere Anstrengungen zum Schutz und zur Verbesserung von Umwelt und Klima unternommen. Diese Entwicklung schlägt sich nicht nur in wachsenden Kosten und Investitionen für Umweltschutz nieder, sondern hat auch zu einer wachsenden Bedeutung der internationalen...