We propose simple mathematical models for the legal concept ofbalancing of interests, to resolve the conflict between the rights toprivacy and to the protection of personal data in Art. 7 and Art. 8 ofthe EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EUCh) against the right ofaccess to information derived...

A free and informative press is widely agreed to be crucial to the democratic process today. But throughout much of the nineteenth century U.S. newspapers were often public relations tools funded by politicians, and newspaper independence was a rarity. The newspaper industry underwent...

There is limited empirical evidence on when and why individuals incur costs to acquire information about a firm that is not publicly available, which we refer to as private information acquisition. This lack of evidence is due in large part to the difficulty of observing private information...

Kontext des öffentlichen Einkaufs -- Der Status quo des öffentlichen Einkaufs -- Bestandsaufnahme offener öffentlicher Einkaufsdaten -- Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung „Offenes öffentliches Beschaffungswesen“ -- Internationale Best Practices als Vorbild für Deutschland -- Leitbild und...

El Principio 10 de la Declaración de Río sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo (1992) señala de manera expresa que la mejor manera de tratar las cuestiones ambientales es propiciando de modo oportuno la participación de todos los ciudadanos, en el nivel que corresponda. En este contexto,...

This document, of which an earlier version was published in 2013, reviews the laws and institutional frameworks that safeguard access to information, participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters, as enshrined in Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on...

Ecuador, al igual que otros países de América Latina, posee abundantes recursos naturales que han sustentado desde hace décadas el desarrollo del país, principalmente basado en la expansión de las actividades extractivas. A la par, el marco constitucional aprobado en 2008 imprime una...

Los países de América Latina del siglo XXI están experimentando una profundización de sus democracias, proceso que va de la mano con la reflexión y mirada crítica al desarrollo y con el creciente convencimiento de que este debe centrarse en la igualdad con una perspectiva de derechos. Esto...

This workshop, convened collaboratively by the German Data Forum and the UK Data forum, was designed to explore recent developments in both countries with respect to improved research access to administrative data. Presentations would give participants an overview of the techniques being...

Suchmaschinen ermöglichen Nutzern einen schnellen Zugang zu Informationen, die sie konkret suchen oder die sie durch die Suchmaschine entdecken. Sie haben sich zu wichtigen Informationsintermediären entwickelt. Aufgrund ihrer zentralen Rolle in der Informationsvermittlung und der...

Thanks to comparative tables and precise examples, this report offers an overall picture of the institutions guaranteeing access to information (IGAI) in OECD member countries. While it does not provide a comprehensive analysis of each of these institutions, it examines the legislation, the...

Nigeria is the most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa. It also has a very young population. The majority of the population is below the age of 25 years, with 22 percent of the country?s population between the ages of 10-19 years. Data on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes in...

Information and communication technologies (ICT) for health or eHealth solutions hold great potential for generating systemic efficiencies by strengthening five critical pillars of a health system: human resources for health, supply chain management, health care financing, governance and service...

We document a little-known source of information exploited by sophisticated institutional investors: the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), a law that allows for the disclosure of previously unreleased information by the U.S. Government. Through FOIA requests, we identify several sophisticated...

Over the past 30 years, Bangladesh has achieved significant economic and human development progress, and demonstrated impressive policy as well as programmatic commitment to lowering the fertility level. However, its future socioeconomic prospects may be hampered by its population growth rate,...

Maldives, a middle income country, is on track to meet most of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), while gender gap requires attention. Maldives has made great progress in improving maternal health and has achieved MDG. The total fertility rate has declined to 2.3 in 2012. Contraceptive use...

This paper examines the effect of the One Laptop Per Child program in Uruguay [Plan Ceibal] on household labor income. Since 2007, the Uruguayan government has delivered one laptop to every child and every teacher in public primary schools. This program has considerably increased access to...

This policy brief outlines the chronology of the developments since Edward Snowden leaked the documents on large-scale electronic surveillance, including PRISM and Tempora programmes, the policy implications and the public's response. It concludes that the nature of the debate has shifted from a...

Viewed as a key to strengthening accountability, citizen empowerment alone is not enough to guarantee quality public service. It must go hand in hand with better governance. This report highlights two factors that have improved governance and public service provision in developing Asia: (i)...

In Sweden, a national eHealth service providing Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records is now being widely deployed, with 400 000 users in January 2016. Although the Patient Data Act states that patients have a right to take part of their health records, the introduction has been...