Actuarial fairness pertains to the situation in which the price of an insurance contract is equal to its expected outcome. This paradigm is at odds with financial pricing: If two financial contracts have the same expected value, but one is better than the other in the sense of second order...

In this paper, we generate boundary value problems for ruin probabilities of surplus-dependent premium risk processes, under a renewal case scenario, Erlang (2) claim arrivals, and a hypoexponential claims scenario, Erlang (2) claim sizes. Applying the approximation theory of solutions of linear...

Continuous longevity improvements and population ageing have led countries to modify national public pension schemes by increasing the standard and early retirement ages in a discretionary, scheduled, or automatic way, and by making it harder for people to retire prematurely. To this end,...

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a market-consistent valuation of life insurance participating liabilities sold to a population of partially heterogeneous customers under the joint impact of biometric and financial risk. In particular, the heterogeneity between groups of policyholders...

In this paper we consider a discrete-time risk model, which allows the premium to be adjusted according to claims experience. This model is inspired by the well-known bonus-malus system in the non-life insurance industry. Two strategies of adjusting periodic premiums are considered: aggregate...

A comprehensive auto insurance policy usually provides the broadest protection for the most common events for which the policyholder would file a claim. On the other hand, some insurers offer extended third-party car insurance to adapt to the personal needs of every policyholder. The extra...

This paper introduces a new R package, LRMoE, a statistical software tailor-made for actuarial applications which allows actuarial researchers and practitioners to model and analyze insurance loss frequencies and severities using the Logit-weighted Reduced Mixture-of-Experts (LRMoE) model. LRMoE...

The objective of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, the optimal combination of reinsurance and financial investment is studied under a general framework, since there is no specific type of reinsurance contract, there is no specific dynamics of the financial instruments, the financial market...

The traditional approach to flexible retirement (e.g. NDC) neglects the impact of asymmetric information on actuarial fairness (neutrality). The mechanism design approach (e.g. Diamond, 2003) gives up the requirement of neutrality and looks for a redistributive second-best benefit-retirement-age...

In this paper we address the question of how the generosity of the benefit rule of the German public pension system has changed during the past three decades and how this development can be explained by demographic changes. Firstly, we illustrate the political risk of benefit rule changes for...

Financial products are priced using risk-neutral expectations justified by hedging portfolios that (as accurate as possible) match the product's payoff. In insurance, premium calculations are based on a real-world best-estimate value plus a risk premium. The insurance risk premium is typically...

The insurance industry is built on risk classification, grouping insureds into homogeneous classes. Through actions such as underwriting, pricing and so forth, it differentiates, or discriminates, among insureds. Actuaries have responsibility for pricing insurance risk transfers and are...

Developing techniques for assessing various risks and calculating probabilities of ruin and survival are exciting topics for mathematically-inclined academics. For practicing actuaries and financial engineers, the resulting insights have provided enormous opportunities but also created serious...

In this paper, a flexible count regression model based on a bivariate compound Poisson distribution is introduced in order to distinguish between different types of claims according to the claim size. Furthermore, it allows us to analyse the factors that affect the number of claims above and...

Chapter 1: The Cobb-Douglas production function for an exponential model -- Chapter 2: Threshold Unit Root Tests with Smooth Transitions -- Chapter 3: Jump connectedness in the European foreign exchange market -- Chapter 4:Modeling Currency Exchange Data with Asymmetric Copula Functions --...

This volume presents techniques and theories drawn from mathematics, statistics, computer science, and information science to analyze problems in business, economics, finance, insurance, and related fields. The authors present proposals for solutions to common problems in related fields. To this...

"This book provides a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts of financial mathematics essential for the evaluation of any financial product and instrument. Mastering concepts of present and future values of streams of cash flows under different interest rate environments is core for...

"In order to make insurance a trade at all, the common premium must be sufficient to compensate the common losses, to pay the expense of management, and to afford such a profit as might have been drawn from an equal capital employed in any common trade. Pricing insurance risk is the last mile of...

Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal...

Interest rates have been very low for several years, which is particularly challenging for life insurers. Since 2001, German life insurers have had to set an additional reserve due to low interest rates to ensure the protection of policyholders. However, the method introduced at that time to...

This article summarizes the main topics and findings from the Swiss Risk and Insurance Forum 2018. That event gathered experts from academia, insurance industry, regulatory bodies, and consulting companies to discuss the challenges arising from the impact of data science and, more generally, of...

We study the optimal excess-of-loss reinsurance problem when both the intensity of the claims arrival process and the claim size distribution are influenced by an exogenous stochastic factor. We assume that the insurer’s surplus is governed by a marked point process with dual-predictable...

In actuarial modelling of risk pricing and loss reserving in general insurance, also known as P&C or non-life insurance, there is business value in the predictive power and automation through machine learning. However, interpretability can be critical, especially in explaining to key...

Chapter 1. Motivation -- Chapter 2. Export Credit Industry -- Chapter 3. Insurance Background -- Chapter 4. Finance Fundamentals -- Chapter 5. Preliminaries -- Chapter 6. New Premium Framework -- Chapter 7. Historic Default Rates -- Chapter 8. Market Version of the Framework -- Chapter 9....

1 Albano G. et al., A comparison among alternative parameters estimators in the Vasicek process: a small sample analysis -- 2 Amendola A. et al., On the use of mixed sampling in modelling realized volatility: The MEM–MIDAS -- 3 Amerise I. L. and Tarsitano A., Simultaneous prediction intervals...

Part I: Income Taxes, Lottery, and Lion Hunting—Elementary Mathematics -- 1. “We Take over Your VAT!” How Big Is the Actual Discount? -- 2. Millions Every Week, but Not for Me. Six Numbers in the Lottery -- 3. Where Did My Money Go? Loss Compensation After a Price Drop -- 4. How Do You...

In the classical bonus-malus system the premium assigned to each policyholder is based only on the number of claims made without having into account the claims size. Thus, a policyholder who has declared a claim that results in a relatively small loss is penalised to the same extent as one who...