The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) shapes the agri-food sector of the European Union (EU) by mainly regulating the distribution of financial support to agricultural producers. Based on the Treaty of Rome (1957), one of the CAP's objectives is to "ensure a fair living standard for farm-ers" by...

We investigate empirically trade-offs between improving the cost-effectiveness of an agri-environment scheme (AES) and its distributional impacts, applying the criteria of equality (equal payments), equity (equal producer surplus), and the Rawlsian maximin criterion (here understood as...

This note synthesises the available literature examining the impact of agricultural support on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as its impact on water, biodiversity, and land. In keeping with the Secretariat's impartiality, the note reports the findings as they appear in the literature....

Agri-environmental-climate schemes provide payments for ecosystem services by compensating farmers to implement management actions or obtain ecological results. To compare farmer preferences for action-based schemes, result-based schemes, or a hybrid, we conduct a discrete choice experiment in a...

From the perspective of green development and demand uncertainty, the Stackelberg game models consisting of a farmer and a retailer is constructed, in which the uncertain demand is influenced by the green degree of agri-products. In order to study the impacts of government subsidy on the...

This paper systematically analyzes the effect of agricultural input subsidies in developing countries on yield and income, using a meta-analysis. From three databases, the analysis identifies 12 studies with 32 estimated effects on yield and 23 estimated effects on income. The findings show that...

The fund allocation in agricultural sector in India is heavily tilted toward input subsidies provision; however, researchers seem to favor investment expenditure instead. The present paper seeks to compare the usefulness of input subsidies as compared to investment with regard to agricultural...

Land subsidence threatens the living conditions of roughly 1.2 billion people worldwide in deltaic regions characterized by soft top soil. Economic activity in deltaic regions requires lowering the groundwater levels to keep the land sufficiently dry to maintain productivity, which, however,...

I examine how corporate investment responds to the supply of private activity bonds (PAB), which are tax-exempt municipal bonds issued on behalf of private sector firms. Exploiting a change in the state-level cap for PABs as mandated by the 1986 Tax Reform Act, I compare the real effects of...

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) and agri-environmental schemes (AES) are often introduced with the goal to counteract overexploitation of natural habitats and biodiversity loss in forests and agricultural landscapes. Their ecological effectiveness and cost-effectiveness have been, however,...

To understand the impacts of support programs on global emissions, this paper considers the impacts of domestic subsidies, price distortions at the border, and investments in emission-reducing technologies on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. In a step towards a full...

Agricultural technologies frequently have been introduced via subsidies to accelerate diffusion and spur adoption in the presence of market inefficiencies or missing information. Yet, for agricultural technologies that mainly generate positive environmental effects, it is not clear how to...

The most important element in the recent reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, which is intended to reduce the concentration of aid distributed under the direct support system, is the so-called redistributive payment. The redistributive effects of this instrument depend on its specific form...

The aging of the farmer population has led to concern about a shortage of beginning farmers and ranchers. This study investigates the impact of health insurance coverage and participation in government and private insurance programs on off-farm labor allocation decisions of beginning...

The aim of this paper is to assess the potential impacts of different fertilizer subsidy reform options on the performance of the Iranian crops production sector. This is achieved using a Regional Crop Programming (RCP) model, based on Positive Mathematical Programming, which includes in total...

This chapter aims to evaluate the country’s agricultural modernization strategy under the lens of the market-driven approach. The early post-War period of economic policy relates to solving the food problem solution for low-income countries, which minimizes farmer welfare and emphasizes...

In the context of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality", the low-carbon development of agriculture has received increasing attention. In order to adapt to WTO rules, China is adjusting its agricultural support and protection policies. The agricultural "three subsidy" reform aims at the...

The private sector in Nepal participates in the regulated import and distribution of three types of subsidized fertilizer. However, almost 55% of the agrovets (family-owned microenterprises) that retail agricultural inputs do not comply. Many farmers rely on the fertilizer purchased through...