This study examines the effects of distortion of agricultural price incentives on agricultural value added in East Africa. The World Bank, IFPRI, FAO, and CSP are the sources of data. The dataset ranges from 1981 to 2018, and the error-corrected LSDV model is used to analyze the data. The...

This article describes the evolution of the regulation of agricultural trade and analyses key aspects of the negotiations of the Uruguay and Doha Rounds, in which the least developed countries managed to make the final outcome of the negotiations conditional on progress in the liberalisation of...

"This book explores the origins of Japan's protectionist agricultural policies through an in-depth historical analysis of Japanese agricultural policies between the Meiji period and the end of WWII. It offers a constructivist account for the rise of protectionism, examining the policies of...

Protectionist Agricultural Policy in Japan -- Modernization and agricultural policy in Meiji -- The rise of agricultural bureaucrats -- Food Control System -- The Economic Correction Plan -- The past and future of Japanese agriculture.

This paper rehabilitates the concept of effective rate of protection for use in political economy. The usual definition corresponds to no economically interesting magnitude in general equilibrium. The effective rate of protection for a sector is redefined here as the uniform tariff which is...

This paper contains the basic statistical material upon which Effective Rates of Protection (ERPs), Domestic Resource Costs (DRCs), and crop acreage responses were calculated by the authors for their volume on Egypt in the NBER project Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development. This...

This paper reviews the recent problems of the opening of Japan's rice market and evaluates the Japanese government's rice policy from both an economic and political viewpoint. The Japanese government made strenuous resistance to the opening of Japan's rice market during the negotiations on...

Patent protection was introduced for plant biotechnology in the United States in 1985, and it affected crops differentially depending on their reproductive structures. Exploiting this unique feature of plant physiology and a new dataset of crop-specific technology development, I find that the...

Prices of food vary greatly among the developed countries, and some countries' food prices have been consistently far above the OECD average. The main explanation for persistently high food price levels is the extent of protection of agricultural products at the farm level, partly explainable by...

This study aims to assess the protection for Vietnamese agriculture under trade liberalization based on the input-output approach. From a theoretical perspective, the authors develop a general framework to estimate the effective rate of protection using an input-output table, taking into account...

Despite evidence highlighting the multiple benefits that liberalization can have in the agricultural sector, agricultural protectionism is abundant, especially in developing countries. Chile provides an interesting case on this topic because it implemented an aggressive liberalization in the...

1. Agricultural trade patterns from the perspective of economic complexity -- 2. International agricultural trade: exporters and importers -- 3. International agricultural trade: products -- 4. The ever changing world wheat market -- 5. Trade integration and liberalization: possible solutions to...

Trade negotiators and policy advisors are keen to know the relative contribution of different farm policy instruments to international trade and economic welfare. Nominal rates of assistance or producer support estimates are incomplete indicators, especially when (especially in developing...

Farm data has been a contentious point of debate with respect to ownership rights and impacts when access rights are misappropriated. One of the leading questions farmers ask deals with the protections provided to farm data. Although no specific laws or precedence exists, the possibility of...

Providing safe drinking water is a basic responsibility of government. The US system is inefficient, unfair, and sets up local water utilities to fail. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act these utilities bear primary responsibility for providing safe water, but the Act provides few tools for...

In theory, moving from price-based subsidies for agriculture to less-distorted income support programs makes sense. In practice, income-support programs have many shortcomings, and developing countries may lack the support mechanisms needed to make them effective.Drawing on experience with...

Almost all countries have faced protectionist pressures from their agricultural sector, particularly during trade negotiations. Korea is no exception. This article examines the strategy of competitive framing used by both the farm lobby and Korean government in the context of the Korea-US Free...

Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) provisions and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) generally raise trade costs, but by providing a positive signal to consumers that enhances confidence in imported products they can also expand trade. This paper seeks to identify which specific elements of SPS and...

This study examines the Agreement on Agriculture under WTO, issues arising out of its implementation, the process of Doha Round of mandated negotiations, various country/group positions, developing country perspectives and provides suggestions for future negotiations. The Uruguay Round Agreement...

We develop an extended Nominal Rate of Assistance (NRA) methodology to disentangle the welfare impacts of policies for various interest groups along the value chain (to disaggregate effects within the “producer” and “consumer” umbrellas). We apply our value chain NRA methodology to the...

We develop an extended Nominal Rate of Assistance (NRA) methodology to disentangle the welfare impacts of policies for various interest groups along the value chain (to disaggregate effects within the "producer" and "consumer" umbrellas). We apply our value chain NRA methodology to the case of...

This paper argues that a price wedge treatment of agricultural supports can seriously misrepresent their welfare and quantity effects. We make our point by focusing on pre-1985 US wheat programs, but features of programs in many other countries lead to comparable problems with the ad valorem...

The authors study whether political campaign contributions influence agricultural protection in the United States in the manner suggested by the political economy model of Grossman and Helpman (1994). This is the first attempt to test this model using agricultural data. The authors test the...

This paper examines the relationship between countries' electoral systems and their policies of support for the agricultural sector. In particular, we are interested in whether majoritarian systems, which would tend to favor specific geographic districts, are more likely to protect agriculture,...

The economic rationale for trade remedy law, while always weak, is undermined by the formation of free trade areas. However, due to political pressure, first CUSFTA and then NAFTA have continued the use of domestic antidumping and countervailing duty laws. With the lowering of border protection,...

It is anticipated a large number of farmers will be filing crop insurance claims with private crop insurers in the wake of the drought of 2012. It is also possible that there will be instances where a private crop insurer allegedly acts in bad faith concerning a claim.The future availability of...