The fine balance between prevention of minority shareholder rights and the independent will of the majority shareholders to run the company they majorly hold is largely dependent on the securities enforcement agencies of the country. In India, The SEBI has engaged in minority protections at the...

Exchanges and index providers increasingly push firms to equalize shareholder voting rights. We explore the potential harm arising from dual-class structures by studying the identity and returns of minority shareholders. First, we find that sophisticated investors disproportionately own...

Cybersecurity ist neben der technischen Komponente vor allem eine Aufgabe der Unternehmensorganisation. Für die Aktiengesellschaft stellt sich daher die Frage, welche rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der für die Umsetzung verantwortliche Vorstand bei der Strukturierung einer entsprechenden...

We examine the effectiveness of institutional investors in constraining aggressive earnings management induced by strong contractual incentives. To this end we focus on the consequences of earnings-related promises (covenants) negotiated between corporate controlling shareholders and minority...

Die Aktiengesellschaft soll private Ersparnisse in dauerhaft gebundenes, unternehmerisches Anlagekapital transformieren. Zugleich erlaubt die Börsennotierung eine beliebig kurzfristige Anlage in unternehmenstragende Gesellschaften. Vor diesem Hintergrund bestehen in Rechtswissenschaft,...

Heuschrecken - so wurden Hedgefonds betitelt,1 die als aktivistisch agierende Aktionäre die deutsche Finanzwelt in Aufruhr versetzten. Ebenso in den Fokus gerückt sind aktivistische Short-Seller, die durch die Veröffentlichung negativer Researchberichte und daraus resultierenden drastischen...

Der innovative, interdisziplinäre Ansatz der Dissertation bietet wertvolle Erkenntnisse für Wissenschaft, Praxis und Rechtspolitik zur (Neu-)Einordnung des Börsengang und des Börsenrückzug (Delisting) einer Aktiengesellschaft. Die Corporate Governance-Forschung an der Schnittstelle von...

On 24 January 2019, a revised Singapore Code on Take-overs and Mergers (the Take-overs Code) was promulgated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) on the advice of the Securities Industry Council (the SIC).The revisions are to ensure that takeover practices targeting at companies with the...

Separate Personality and Limited Liability principles encourage the expansion of corporate businesses. In such businesses the dormant investors invest their idle capital and the active entrepreneurs control the business out of that capital. The former undertake the risk of business and the later...

This paper examines the motivation of dividend payout policies for Chinese listed firms before and after the Split Share Structure Reform in China from the corporate governance-related viewpoint. Analysis was carried out using panel data with random effect from a sample of firms listed on the...

Das Aufbrechen der sog. Deutschland AG hat für viele Veränderungen in der deutschen Kapitalmarktwirklichkeit gesorgt. Insbesondere hat sie das Phänomen des "aktivistischen Aktionärs" nach Deutschland gebracht. Das Auftreten dieser "lauten" Aktionäre stellt viele, auch traditionelle,...

Corwin v. KKR, one of many recent cases aiming to mitigate the “deal tax” in M&A represented by baseless litigation, is considered one of the most important corporate law decisions of the 2000s. Corwin shields directors from the enhanced scrutiny of Revlon in favor of the business judgment...

'One-share, one-vote,' a bedrock principle of Anglo-Saxon corporate governance, is back in the spotlight. Except this time, the aim is to diminish its application rather than to extend its global footprint.Hoping to stem the tide of short-termism in the financial markets, prominent commentators...

‘Shareholder rights' are the legal entitlements of shareholders via-a-vis companies in which they invest. A large body of research has sought to investigate how shareholder rights foster accountability of controllers. The concern has been that without accountability, managers and dominant...

Among the most controversial in the history of corporate control, shares with differential voting rights (DVRs), also known as Dual Class Shares, have been the subject of furious but inconclusive debates as to their acceptability as a legitimate device to perpetuate control of a corporation...

Vanke, the biggest Chinese real estate developer, has recently become a target of an unsolicited takeover attempt by Baoneng Group. While the battle is still ongoing, practitioners and scholars from all over the world are in waiting on the further development of events. At the moment it seems...

The information environment in China has been found to be so opaque as to prevent investors from being able to formulate valuations of companies based upon firm-specific information, a situation which promotes inefficiency in the allocation of resources in an economy and stunts its growth. The...

In a typical public company, shareholders can elect the board, appoint auditors, and approve fundamental changes. Firms with dual class share (DCS) structures alter this balance by inviting the subordinate shareholders to carry the financial risk of investing in the corporation without providing...

Studies on state ownership often involve endogeneity issues, such as a lack of variation in state ownership status and vastly different firm characteristics between state-owned enterprises and private firms. By using an exogenous regulatory reform, the split share structure reform in China, this...

This study provides the first large-sample empirical analysis on the characteristics, determinants, and returns from appraisal petitions during 2000-2014. We find that appraisal petitions increase from 2-3% of the eligible M&A deals in the early 2000s to around 25% of such deals in the most...

The literature posits that some CEO overconfidence benefits shareholders, though high levels may not. We argue adequate controls and independent viewpoints provided by an independent board mitigates the costs of CEO overconfidence. We use the concurrent passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and...

In a typical public company, shareholders can elect the board, appoint the auditors, and approve fundamental changes. Firms with dual class share structures (DCS) alter this balance by inviting the subordinate shareholders to carry the financial risk of investing in the corporation without...

The shareholder empowerment movement (movement) has renewed its effort to eliminate, restrict or at the very least discourage the use of dual class share structures in initial public offerings (IPOs). This renewed effort was triggered by the recent Snap Inc. IPO that utilized non-voting stock....

Deciding between mandatory and/or default rules (or as they are also called: eligible law, enabling rules, optional rules, legal menus, rules allowing contracting around, fallback provisions, and dispositives Recht) is a fundamental choice for the law. To what degree do legislators, courts,...

We use institutional-related theories and a unique natural experiment that enables an exogenous test of the influence of controlling shareholders on managerial accountability to corporate fraud. In China, prior to the Split Share Structure Reform (SSSR), state shareholders held restricted shares...