Oil price shocks, which materialize in petrol prices, put severe inflationary pressures on countries that rely largely on fossil fuels, causing financial instability. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program, implemented in the USA in 2005, sanctions blending corn-based ethanol with fuel and...

Sunflower is a strategic crop in the agriculture of Ukraine as it is important for food and energy production. Recently the processing of secondary products, solving the issues of waste disposal and improving the environment have been paid much attention. This is an example of a cyclic economy,...

We analyze the relationships within the liquid fuels system and its associated supply chain using innovative network filtering methods, namely the Minimum Spanning Tree and Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph. Our findings reveal that biofuels form robust connections with their feedstocks that...

Renewable energy has been a worldwide interest due to a growing energy demand as well as a mounting concern over the hostile impacts from traditional fuels. One of a direction for future renewable energy is the use of biofuel. In this research, we initially apply the K-means algorithm to...

The global energy and food price surges in 2007-2008 precipitated social unrest in many African countries, partly due to the high level of international economic integration that facilitates market shock transmissions between geographically remote regions. Although various potential factors are...

Around 75% of tropical deforestation in the XXI century has been driven by the expansion of agriculture and forest plantations. Since 1990s, palm oil has been standing for a critical global traded product in terms of embodied deforestation. The European Union (EU) is one of the major players in...

Alternative fuels played a more and more important role in the U.S. fuel market in the last few decades. While most previous literature focused on oil, gasoline and biofuel prices, the studies on the topic of multiple alternative fuel prices were limited. Using U.S. fuel price data from the...

Bioenergy is an economic and ecological alternative energy, derived from biomaterials such as bioethanol, biomass, biodiesel etc. Therefore, biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable fuel could be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease. Traditionally world...

This article investigates the connections between the prices of biofuels and many traded commodities and other relevant assets in Europe, USA and Brazil. The analysis uses a comprehensive dataset covering price data for 38 traded titles over the period 2003-2020. We utilize the minimum spanning...

The global transport sector is the second largest energy consumer and strongly relies on fossil fuels. Efforts for reducing GHG emissions on this sector depend on energy efficiency improvement and the use of renewable fuels and electrification. All these technologies are commercially available...

5-(Hydroxymethyl)-furfural (HMF) is a platform molecule obtained by dehydration of hexoses, product of the hydrolysis of residual lignocellulosic biomass. By etherification with ethanol, 5-(Ethoxymethyl)-furfural (EMF) can be obtained, a promissory bio-additive for diesel. The etherification is...

Flexible and wearable energy devices have become an important support and indispensable product of the era of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things. Enzyme biofuel cells (EBFCs) have received much attention for their ability to convert the body's abundant biochemical energy into...

Although microalgae biofuel has many advantages, it is also faced with difficulties in algal cell harvesting and low lipid content. In this experiment, the mixtures of seawater and domestic sewage were prepared for the cultivation of freshwater microalgae. The results showed that the proportion...

The effort to implement more environmental-friendly fuels has been enhanced not only to reduce the greenhouse effect but also for public health issues. This paper studies the effects on pollutant emissions from a light-duty Euro 6 vehicle of four types of fuel: diesel (fossil origin, used as...

Ethanol is one of the most promising bio-based renewable platform chemicals. Catalytic upgrading of ethanol into valuable products instead of gasoline additive is of great importance, and co-production of hydrogen and acetaldehyde via the dehydrogenation of ethanol is an effective way for its...

The toxic nature of acyl acceptors to biocatalyst is a major concern for an efficient transesterification process. In this study, bio-esterification of Soybean Cooking Oil Waste (SCOW) for biodiesel production using free and glyoxyl-agarose immobilized lipases from Aspergillus oryzae and the...

A catalyst based on MoO 3 was synthesized by a simple and fast pilot-scale combustion reaction method and applied to the conversion of soybean oil to biodiesel via transesterification. For that, the statistical analysis of the catalyst amount and temperature, factors that influence the process,...

Microalgae are one of the sources of biodiesel production. In this paper, Dunaliella tertiolecta species were studied. The highest biomass production was 1.04 g/L, but the optimal biomass production and cost were 0.84 g/L for 1.48 cents/liter. The biomass to bio-oil extraction (BBE) section was...

In this work, the heterogeneous catalytic production of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF) in a fixed-bed continuous-flow reactor has been investigated. This study utilizes an unconventional biomass-derived carbon as the catalytic support for bimetallic NiCu...

In face of increased efforts to mitigate climate change, biofuels may be included in reduction plans forgreenhouse gas emissions. Feedstock for first generation biofuels and food crops both use arable land andmay compete for it. Also, fuel is an input for the production and transport of food....

Ethanol has attracted considerable policy attention both for its use as a gasoline substitute, and as a way to enhance profits in rural areas. In this paper, we analyze the effects of government policy on the decisions of ethanol-producing firms to invest in building new ethanol plants in the...

As infrastructure systems become more interconnected and interdependent, the function of one system influences the function of other related systems, which increases their vulnerability to cascading failures. Therefore, quantifying systems' interdependence is important for assessing their...

This article shows, for the first time, where U.S. ethanol prices are discovered across the major regional markets in the country. We adopt a bivariate approach that compares each regional market against Chicago, as it is equipped with one of the largest terminals in the U.S. and is widely...

An increase in the share of renewables in heat supply systems is a promising direction to reach sustainable development goals and decarbonization. Decision makers should consider various factors, including energy market prices, the availability of biofuels, boiler and auxiliary equipment costs,...

The growing demand for raw materials for the production of biofuels may lead to an increase in the prices of these raw materials and, due to the shortage of land, to an increase in the prices of other crops. This is due to the fact that the growing demand for raw materials for the production of...

This article studies the Malaysian palm oil industry, tracing the industry from the oil palm plantations and ending to its finished products. Palm oil industry is a prominent industry in Malaysia, creating economic growth and development. For instance, the government helped roughly 90,000...

This paper summarizes the main findings of the results in the literature on the role of ethanol in reducing retail gasoline prices in the United States. We provide a comprehensive overview of the key results and methodologies used to obtain them. The paper documents the growing research interest...

The Government of Indonesia has been promoting the advancement of the biodiesel sector to fulfill its commitment to support clean energy, energy security, and rural development. This paper examines the economic impact of the biodiesel sector using a computable general equilibrium model. Besides...

Biogas is considered to be an important source of renewable energy, the production of which is on a continuous rise and which can be decisive for the elimination of fossil fuels by 2050. To reduce the negative impact of human actions on the environment, we must take measures urgent for...

Concerns about energy security, rural development, and the environment have driven biofuel expansion. Different policy and market drivers, such as designated areas for biofuel feedstock production and blend mandates, have played an important role in biofuel expansion in different countries....