Disability discrimination laws are often used to potentially increase employment for individuals with disabilities. However, legal theory and empirical economics research do not provide conclusive answers as to how expansions in disability discrimination laws affect economic outcomes, namely...

In 1985, Italian policymakers enacted a law to favour the start-up and consolidation of worker takeovers to preserve employment levels of distressed companies. Law 49/1985, also known as the Marcora Act, provides worker and social cooperatives with financial resources to promote and consolidate...

In the face of declining prominence and influence under industrial relations laws regulating Australian workplaces, Australian trade unions appear increasingly to be directing their attention to Corporations Law as a mechanism for pursuing union and employee “voice” within corporate business...

This article argues that the nature of precarious work can be grasped as the disintegration of the employment relationship which was a historical compromise concerning the distribution of cost and risks between capital and labour, in particular, along Fordist corporate boundaries, while...

The main purpose of this study is to investigate legal and policy gaps in regulating informal employment in Tanzania in order to expose areas that need to be addressed so that to extend legal protection to informal workers. This study is based on the idea that informal employment in Tanzania is...

Policymakers and scholars have directed renewed attention to the law’s contributions to producing economic inequality, but the legal dimensions of geographic inequality have received much less scrutiny. At its core, geographic inequality is a function of how the national income gets spatially...

Gender discrimination by the employer is prohibited in most countries under constitutional and/or employment laws, but nonetheless it persists and has even widened during the ongoing pandemic. Women often do not file lawsuits against their employers fearing retaliation and high costs of a...

The International Labour Organisation was found in the year 1919 and became the first UN Specialized Agency. It was a very aspirational organization similar to India back then. India being a founding member commemorates its 100 years of association this year. When one takes a step back and looks...

Our research aims to show some of the mechanisms necessary to protect women working in the government sector and their sufficiency in providing them the necessary protection and security. This protection consists in prohibiting assault on her, not depriving her of maternity leave, granting her a...

A series of articles beginning with Basu and Van (1989) argue that a ban on child labour may be self-enforcing in the sense that, once an equilibrium where only adults work is established, parents may have no incentive to depart from it, and the ban is no longer required. This important result...

This paper provides a first assessment of the causal impact of the 2018-2021 reform in Korea meant to combat its long working-hour culture. The reform consists of lowering the statutory limit on total weekly working hours from 68 to 52. We apply a difference-in-difference approach in which we...

Most workers in the developing world do not receive the benefits they are legally entitled to. Why, then, is there so little public enforcement? This paper argues that this is partly because of a lack of an autonomous and professional bureaucracy. Using a novel dataset with objective measures of...

For more than two decades, a growing global movement has been promoting the social and solidarity economy (SSE) as a viable alternative socioeconomic approach to the manyfold challenges of sustainable development. This growing movement has been advocating for the UN system and its member states...

Apple started its Indian journey by setting up the Narasapura plant near Bangalore, Karnataka, where the iPhone SE was manufactured. Wistron Corporation, the contract manufacturer for Apple in India, has sustained losses due to violence by a section of workers at its manufacturing plant over...

The National Labor Relations Act’s (NLRA) well-documented weaknesses in substance and enforcement, combined with legislators’ inability to adapt the Act to the modern economy, have understandably created many cynics in the field of labor law. Beginning in the late 1970s, legal scholars have...

The law of accommodations within employment discrimination law evolved significantly in 2023. The Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA) was enacted by Congress and signed by President Biden in 2022, and it became effective on June 27, 2023. The Act creates a statutory duty for covered employers...

In 2021, the Ontario government legislatively prohibited most non-competition clauses, the first Canadian government to take this step. The move was unexpected because the political party in power (the Progressive Conservative Party, or PCP) has not traditionally been a strong supporter of...

This paper summarizes and comments on all Supreme Court opinions issued during the 2022-2023 term that deal with labor and employment law and the employment relationship. The paper also provides information on all cases accepted for argument during the 2023-2024 term as of July 29, 2023

Attempts to investigate working conditions and labour rights in the UK gig economy have been hampered by the hard-to-reach nature of this population. Most existing studies have overcome this difficulty by using a qualitative research design where sample size is less important. When UK...

Financial hedging is only one aspect of corporate risk management. Rather, firms balance financial and operational risks in their overall risk management strategies. This article examines how labor law violations at prominent US companies via surprise Occupational Safety and Health...

China’s new Labor Contract Law (LCL), which came into force in 2008, has greatly improved the protection of workers and increased the cost of labor. This study investigates its effect on firms’ risk-taking behavior and industrial upgrading. The analysis finds strong and robust evidence that...

In the common law legal system, the main sources of law are habits that live in society as a legal culture, as well as agreements that have been agreed upon by the parties. Meanwhile, in the civil law legal system, the regulations set by the government are the main source of law. There are two...

As a follow up to our earlier paper entitled; JOB SECURITY IN A COMPARATIVE WORLD , the question at hand is whether it is legally justifiable to maintain a strict adherence to the common law principles regarding wrongful or unfair dismissal after several years of changes in the socio-political and...

This paper provides a review of recent developments in the enforcement of U.S. antitrust law in labor markets. It surveys cases and regulatory efforts, and address recurring questions regarding, among other things, market definition, the role of the consumer welfare standard, and merger analysis

This paper analyses the relationship between compliance with trade union rights and donors’ aid decisions as evidenced through multi-bilateral contributions to the ILO and a database of Labour Rights’ Indicators. Despite trade union rights being a fundamental worker right that all ILO Member...

Remote work, broadly comprehended as situations in which work is performed outside the employer’s premises, is placed in this chapter in the context of the incremental digitalisation and gigification of the labour market. The premise of this reflection is that digital infrastructure can be...

Neben der stationären und ambulanten Pflege hat sich die Live-In-Pflege mittlerweile zur dritten Säule des Altenpflegesystems entwickelt. In der von irregulärer Beschäftigung dominierten Branche sind die Arbeitsbedingungen von überlangen Arbeitszeiten und unvergüteten Bereitschaftsdiensten...

Kirchliche Arbeitgeber diskriminieren ihre Beschäftigten und Bewerber nach Merkmalen, nach denen andere Arbeitsgeber es nicht dürfen und meist auch nicht mehr wollen. Denn die Kirchen schaden sich damit vor allem selbst, während die Diskriminierten inzwischen anderswo willkommen sind und gute...

Are bans effective at lowering child labor and increasing school attendance and, if so, do these effects lead to positive outcomes later in life? This paper seeks to answer these questions by examining the effect of a 1998 Brazilian law that increased the minimum employment age from 14 to 16. To...

Stringent employment protection laws are argued to be a cause of reduced employment flexibility, slower growth and increased reliance on temporary employment contracts in many countries, including India. In 2014, the Indian state of Rajasthan amended labor laws to increase employment flexibility...

Neben der stationären und ambulanten Pflege hat sich die Live-In-Pflege mittlerweile zur dritten Säule des Altenpflegesystems entwickelt. In der von irregulärer Beschäftigung dominierten Branche sind die Arbeitsbedingungen von überlangen Arbeitszeiten und unvergüteten Bereitschaftsdiensten...