Previous literature on the effect of tenured and tenure-track vs. non-tenure-track professors on students' performance at university finds contrasting results. Our paper is the first to test whether tenured/tenure-track and non-tenure-track teachers differently affect students' performance at...

Today India is among the fastest developing economy in the world. Pace of Industrialization, and foreign direct investment has increased phenomenally. This has given birth to the many new small, medium and large scale industries units, service sectors etc. Customer base is increasing and so as...

This research investigates the relationship between relational psychological contract and the retention of young talents in Vietnam. The study surveyed young employees pertaining to (Generations Y and Z) at BBB Company. The results show an equal weight of transactional and relational...

Racial residential segregation is a crucial aspect of the persisting racial inequality in the United States. We reexamine this enduring problem from a novel perspective, exposing the relationship between segregation and contract duration. In the housing context, the main contract duration...

The nationwide implementation of the minimum wage system in 1993 was followed by the “Minimum Wage Regulations” in 2004 with an attempt to enhance regulatory stringency of the system. The article constructs a theoretical model to establish testable propositions and conducts empirical...

We develop a Dynamic-Stochastic-General-Equilibrium model to study the macro welfare effects of flexible labor contracts. Capturing the empirical properties observed in the data, we incorporate two labor sectors in our DSGE framework: a fixed sector and a flexible sector. The fixed sector offers...

We develop a theoretically grounded extension of the two-way fixed effects model of Abowd et al. (1999) that allows firms to differ both in the wages they offer new hires and the wages required to poach their employees. Expected hiring wages are modeled as the sum of a worker fixed effect, a...

China’s new Labor Contract Law (LCL), which came into force in 2008, has greatly improved the protection of workers and increased the cost of labor. This study investigates its effect on firms’ risk-taking behavior and industrial upgrading. The analysis finds strong and robust evidence that...

We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.’s zero-hours contract (ZHC) – a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows workers to decline any workload. We find quantitatively mixed welfare effects of ZHCs. On one hand they unlock job...

The share of contract workers, i.e., the workers employed through contractors, as against the workers directly employed by factories, out of all workers employed in India’s organized manufacturing has increased significantly over the last three decades, from 14 per cent in 1989-90 to 38 per...

This paper modifies and extends the aggregate equilibrium models for matching markets developed earlier in the literature. Agents in the matching market search for a match among potential partners, including agreements about a flexible contract, such as hours and wage combinations in the labor...

Offshoring continues to be an important dimension of firms' internationalization choices. However, offshoring also increases contract enforcement costs by inhibiting the coordination and monitoring of performance. Immigrant employees may reduce such costs through their specific knowledge of the...

Temporary employment contracts are often regarded as 'stepping stones' for workers' careers, because they can help inexperienced workers secure a permanent contract. Our study evaluates whether this stepping-stone function is moderated by the contract duration, exploiting a Dutch policy reform...

This paper makes the case that current social contracts are often inadequate, irrelevant, or unjust for informal workers. It outlines three possible future scenarios: the bad old contract, an even worse contract, and a better new contract. Under the bad old contract, informal workers lacked...

As China reformed its economy during the past 44 years, it experienced the fastest sustained expansion by a major economy in history, with an annual rate of GDP growth averaging nearly 10% from 1978 to 2018. In the past decade, however, the rate of growth has noticeably slowed, falling to just...

We develop a small open economy DSGE model to study the macro welfare effects of flexible labor contracts for an economy in a currency union. The framework exhibits two sectors: a fixed sector and a flex sector. The fixed sector offers contracts that exhibit rigidities in working-hours and wages...

The share of workers who are self-employed rises markedly with age. Given policy concerns about inadequate retirement savings, especially among those with lower education, and the resulting interest in encouraging employment at older ages, it is important to understand the role that...

Internship contracts (ICs) were designed as a stepping stone for educated young workers to develop their professional skills upon graduation. Such contracts incentivise employment creation, as firms benefit from lower wages and tax reductions, but at the same time, firms are expected to develop...

We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.’s zero-hours contract (ZHC) – a contract that exemptsemployers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows workersto decline any workload. We find quantitatively mixed welfare effects of ZHCs. On one handthey unlock job...

We develop a small open economy DSGE model to study the macro welfare effects of flexible labor contracts for an economy in a currency union. The framework exhibits two sectors: a fixed sector and a flex sector. The fixed sector offers contracts that exhibit rigidities in working-hours and wages...

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered renewed interest in the use of different fiscal spending and transfer programmes to address the worsening conditions and deepening inequalities within the labour markets. This paper reviews the role of specific fiscal spending and transfer programmes in shaping...

We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.’s zero-hours contract (ZHC) – a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows workers to decline any workload. We find quantitatively mixed welfare effects of ZHCs. On one hand they unlock job...

This paper studies the labor market effects of Non-Compete Agreements (NCAs) that constrain employee mobility, in a search model featuring random hiring and endogenous separation. Non-compete clauses limit workers’ job opportunities; thus, an unemployed worker who is bound by NCAs has a lower...

China’s new Labor Contract Law (LCL), which came into force in 2008, has greatly improved the protection of workers and increased the cost of labor. This study investigates its effect on firms’ risk-taking behavior and industrial upgrading. The analysis finds strong and robust evidence that...

Harassment in the workplace is a factor that affects how women work, and this issue cannot be neglected. However, different forms of justice can modify the welfare in labor relations. In this paper, I devise a formal moral hazard model where a multitask agent is designated to make proper...

Temporary employment contracts are often regarded as ‘stepping stones’ for workers’ careers, because they can help inexperienced workers secure a permanent contract. Our study evaluates whether this stepping-stone function is moderated by the contract duration, exploiting a Dutch policy...

The authors explore the quantitative effects of introducing temporary employment contracts of various lengths after first calibrating an equilibrium search model with undirected search and an out-of-the-labor-force state to pre-1984 Spain. They find that introducing temporary contracts of three...

This paper investigates a dynamic agency problem that includes the AI-style agent and principal. We develop a quantitative bionic approach to dynamic contracting based on calibrating the incentive properties of a workhorse contracts model in which self-awareness and memory are endowed. We...

We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.'s zero-hours contract (ZHC) a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows employees to decline any workload. We find quantitatively that ZHCs improve welfare by enabling firms with more volatile...

Minimum wages alter the allocation of firm-idiosyncratic risk across workers. To establish this result, we focus on Italy, and leverage employer-employee data matched to firm balance sheets and hand-collected wage floors. We find a relatively larger pass-through of firm-specific labor-demand...

This paper examines how employer- and worker-specific productivity shocks transmit to earnings and employment in an economy with search frictions and firm commitment. We develop an equilibrium search model with worker and firm shocks and characterize the optimal contract offered by competing...