In unserer digitalen, flexiblen Arbeitswelt verschwimmen die Grenzen zwischen Arbeits- und Privatleben für viele Berufstätige zunehmend. Dies kann Vorteile mit sich bringen, erschwert jedoch auch das mentale Abschalten von der Arbeit. Dieses Working Paper gibt eine Übersicht zu individuellen...

In unserer digitalen, flexiblen Arbeitswelt verschwimmen die Grenzen zwischen Arbeits- und Privatleben für viele Berufstätige zunehmend. Dies kann Vorteile mit sich bringen, erschwert jedoch auch das mentale Abschalten von der Arbeit. Dieses Working Paper gibt eine Übersicht zu individuellen...

The vast literature on earnings inequality has so far largely ignored the role played by hours of work. This paper argues that in order to understand earnings dispersion we need to consider not only the dispersion of hourly wages but also inequality in hours worked as well as the correlation...

The spousal allowances (SAs) in Japan’s tax system enable women to keep their annual income under certain thresholds to make their husbands eligible for income tax exemption. The coverage of the SAs was extended in 2017 to encourage women to work more. This study estimated the impact of the...

On February 15th 2022, Belgium became the first country in the world to agree on the legal adoption of a four-day workweek, allowing qualifying employees to work four days per week without reducing their total number of working hours. We examine shareholders’ assessment of the economic...

RationaleChanges in working hours are one of the factors that determine the contribution of labour to an economy’s growth. It is therefore worth assessing whether the moderate downward trend observed in this variable over the last four decades is likely to persist.TakeawaysThe fall in average...

This paper studies the employment and reallocation effects of minimum wages in Germany in a search-and-matching model with endogenous job search effort and vacancy posting, multiple employment levels, a progressive tax-transfer system, and worker and firm heterogeneity. I find that minimum wages...

Working time autonomy is often accompanied by output-based incentives to counterbalance the loss of monitoring that comes with granting autonomy. However, in such settings, overprovision of effort could arise if workers are uncertain whether their performance suffices to secure the output-based...

We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home is 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will...

Monopsonists suppress employment and wages so as to avoid matching higher wages to their existing employees. Minimum wage hikes force them to pay their existing employees more, reducing the marginal cost of hiring and increasing both wages and employment. However, once the minimum wage exceeds...

We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home is 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will...

This study examines the impact of husbands' wages on their wives' labor force participation rates and hours worked in urban China from 1995 to 2018. We find that an increase in husbands' wages reduces the labor force participation rate of married women with similar education levels. Controlling...

This paper provides a first assessment of the causal impact of the 2018-2021 reform in Korea meant to combat its long working-hour culture. The reform consists of lowering the statutory limit on total weekly working hours from 68 to 52. We apply a difference-in-difference approach in which we...

Working time autonomy is often accompanied by output-based incentives to counterbalance the loss of monitoring that comes with granting autonomy. However, in such settings, overprovision of effort could arise if workers are uncertain whether their performance suffices to secure the output-based...

A minimum wage increase could lead to adverse employment effects for certain sub-groups of minimum wage workers, while leaving others unaffected. This heterogeneity could be overlooked in studies that examine the overall population of minimum wage workers. In this paper, we test for...

In this study, we explore the relation between job characteristics and employees' self-evaluations of performance in comparison to their colleagues' performance. Making use of unique individual panel data of ten large firms in Germany's chemical industry, we focus on monetary rewards (bonus...

Remote wage employment gradually increased in the United States during the four decades prior to the pandemic, then surged in 2020 due to social distancing policies implemented to stem the spread of COVID-19. Using the 2010-2021 American Community Survey, the authors examine trends in wage and...

We use German administrative and survey data to investigate the heterogeneity of parttime penalties in hourly wages and growth rates. Exploiting tax reforms for identification, we find substantial heterogeneity in part-time wage penalties from −28.3% to −7.2% compared to full-time. The...

Remote wage employment gradually increased in the United States during the four decades prior to the pandemic, then surged in 2020 due to social distancing policies implemented to stem the spread of COVID-19. Using the 2010-2021 American Community Survey, the authors examine trends in wage and...

The responses of working hours and employment levels to temporary negative demand shocks like those caused by the Great Recession in 2007-2008 and the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2022 have shown that consideration of both is important. Workers' desired rises in working hours in times of recession...

A minimum wage increase could lead to adverse employment effects for certain sub-groups of minimum wage workers, while leaving others unaffected. This heterogeneity could be overlooked in studies that examine the overall population of minimum wage workers. In this paper, we test for...

Poorer economies tend to have higher working hours per adult due to the incomeeffect. However, when controlling for resource abundance and public sectoremployment, the income effect weakens. We present a simple model to explainthis phenomenon: in resource-rich economies where income is volatile...

This study examines how households mitigate the negative income shock caused by job loss through monetary insurance channels, such as spousal labor supply or unemployment benefits, and changes in their time allocation. The event study estimation using panel data of Japanese households shows that...

In this study, we explore the relation between job characteristics and employees' self-evaluations of performance in comparison to their colleagues' performance. Making use of unique individual panel data of ten large firms in Germany's chemical industry, we focus on monetary rewards (bonus...

This paper estimates if there is a causal effect of restricting overtime hours on the gender pay gap and, if so, whether this effect varies by occupational returns to long work hours. Maximum working hours in South Korea have been limited to 52 hours per week since July 2018. This paper...

Although coworkers are spending an increasing share of their working time interacting with one another, little is known about how the coordination of hours among heterogenous coworkers affects pay, productivity and labor supply. In this paper, we use linked employer-employee data on hours worked...

We examine differences in audit scope between family and non-family firms in Israel, using a unique database that includes both external and internal audit fees, hours, and billing rates. Consistent with prior literature, we argue that the number of audit hours reflects an auditor’s effort,...

The proportion of employees who work remotely has surged from under 5% to over 60% between January to March 2020, converging to roughly 28% of days working from home versus in the office as of 2023. This paper studies the allocation of time among workers in varying degrees of remote work jobs....

We use German administrative and survey data to investigate the heterogeneity of part-time penalties in hourly wages and growth rates. Exploiting tax reforms for identification, we find substantial heterogeneity in part-time wage penalties from -28.3% to -7.2% compared to full-time. The...

This paper provides a first assessment of the causal impact of the 2018-2021 reform in Korea meant to combat its long working-hour culture. The reform consists of lowering the statutory limit on total weekly working hours from 68 to 52. We apply a difference-in-difference approach in which we...

Zahlreiche Studien zeigten, dass Eltern - und hier insbesondere Mütter - besonders häufig und in vielfältiger Weise bereits früh zu den Hauptleidtragenden der Pandemie gehörten. Auch zwei Jahre nach Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie können wir dies anhand der vorliegenden Auswertungen der...

This paper examines whether workers living in rural areas are more likely to be self-employed, compared with those in urban areas. We provide evidence for 35 European countries, using the European Working Conditions Survey for the year 2015. We also study the time devoted to market work, and...

This study uses new administrative earnings data, linked to the Irish Labour Force Survey, to analyse the impact of three successive minimum wage increases that took place over the period 2016 to 2018, on the hours worked of minimum wage employees. The study allows for the assessment of the...