In this paper, we estimate a translog production function for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams that uses factor inputs for hitting, pitching and defence over the 1960-2024 MLB seasons. The computed elasticities of substitution suggest that hitting and pitching are used in fixed proportions,...

This study examines the determinants of away fan attendance in Germany’s top three football divisions over six seasons and assesses its impact on match outcomes. The analysis reveals that, after conditioning on home and away teams, distance and kick-off time are the most important predictors...

Our study aims to identify the effects of the fulfilment of sport consumption motives on the components of fan commitment and their effects on loyal fan behaviour. Utilising a sample of 707 business psychology students, we measured the fulfilment of sport consumption motives, fan commitment and...

This paper examines the causal impact of the working environment on worker performance and explores the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we use games from the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) as our research sample and exploit the "neutralvenues policy" induced by COVID-19 to address...

The percentage of foreign born residents in the United States has steadily risen over the past half century. This increase has been even more marked for athletes where, in some cases, the foreign born percent on professional sports rosters has approached 30%. We examine the impact this rise has...

We examine salary disparity and team performance using data from 11 seasons of the Indian Premier League (IPL) between 2008 and 2019. Research on corporate pay structures and professional team sports organisations has examined salary disparity and its ramifications, but the case of cricket is...

Von Neumann's minimax theorem defines optimal strategic unpredictability in zero-sum games. Empirical evidence from professional sports has been interpreted as positive behavioral evidence for minimax. In this article, we analyze the strategic optimality of offensive plays in the basketball...

We present a method to rank cricket players based on the node centrality concept from network science. We create batsmen-bowlers bipartite networks with edge weights based on performance metrics such as average, strike rate, etc. Then, modifications of the standard Katz and PageRank centrality...

A series of articles has tested von Neumann's minimax theory against behavioral evidence based on field data from professional sports. The evidence has been viewed and collectively cited as positive evidence that elite athletes in their familiar sports contexts mix well and behave in line with...

This study examines subsequent head coach opportunities for former National Football League (NFL) head coaches. Under a subsequent CEO career framework, survival analysis is used to examine the effects of race and market characteristics on subsequent NFL head coach opportunities for former head...

Prior to the ABA coming into existence in 1967, the NBA enjoyed a monopsony in the market for professional basketball talent in the United States. One would predict that a monopsony would be able to exploit the talent employed. The arrival of the ABA, though, theoretically should have...

Competitions often suffer from biased judgments by officials tied to their social identities. In international cricket, home nation umpires favoured home teams, but neutral umpires were introduced successfully to address this bias. However, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the return of home...

We follow workers' performance along an unbalanced panel dataset over multiple years and study how performance varies at the end of fixed-term contracts, in a labour market where some people face a mobility restricting clause (i.e., a noncompete clause). Focusing on the labour market of the...

We follow workers' performance along an unbalanced panel dataset over multiple years and study how performance varies at the end of fixed-term contracts, in a labour market where some people face a mobility restricting clause (i.e., a noncompete clause). Focusing on the labour market of the...

The pandemic's impact on Major League Baseball (MLB) was especially dire. In 2020, a single player testing positive was enough to cancel the entire game, with a few teams sidelined for weeks. This paper looks at all free-agent contracts signed during the 2017-2023 off-season signing periods....

Hack-a-Shaq satisfies the criteria of Kandel and Lazear (1979) for being a credible shame event, making it useful for measuring the effect of a shame threat on worker production. I find that high (low) producers, who are less (more) threatened by Hack-a-Shaq, increase (decrease) production in...

This study aimed to analyze the viability of placing bets on the first player to score in a basketball game by examining multiple strategies. The motivation behind this focus is the perceived increased randomness in betting on the first scorer compared to conventional money-line wagers. Given...

The objective of this paper is to enrich the literature and explain why machine learning took the lead on theoretical and empirical studies. We applied machine learning techniques to professional tennis data while investigating multiple approaches based on our personal tennis understanding. This...

2022 was a difficult year for investors as declines in core liquid and illiquid assets impacted returns. This paper examines the burgeoning interest in investing in sports businesses and given the unique correlation profile that the National Hockey League (NHL) team valuation has to core assets,...

Cricket is one of the most watching and loved sports in current world. With the increasing craze for cricket, different countries are participating at various tournaments, leagues conducting all over the world. Since each player has a responsibility to perform at the best, it is important to...

We propose that racial disparity in organizational leadership representation will persist until valuative bias favoring white men ceases to influence advancement from the lower-level positions where most careers begin. We consider how racial disparity results from the organizational matching of...

Sports fans participate in supporting sports teams by demonstrating various attitudinal behaviors such as loyalty, purchase intention, and stadium attendance. However, although the literature indicates that sports fans who are fanatics can demonstrate advanced attitudinal behavior such as...

Globalization brings lots of cultural changes. These changes also affected sports culture. It makes some sports more popular while some lose their popularity. Pakistan field hockey is among those victims. A national sport of Pakistan with bright history is now in the worst condition. In this...

Globally, crickets are gaining recognition as a valuable alternative protein source for human consumption due to their lower resource requirement and ecological footprint compared to traditional livestock. In this paper, we examine strategies that may expedite the sustainable domestication of...