Kaliningrad Oblast was created as a war trophy and a symbol of Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945/1946. For nearly seven decades, it played a strictly military role in Soviet and Russian foreign policy, mostly limited to its Baltic Sea surroundings. This changed when Vladimir Putin came...

While several studies have shed light on the emergence of consumer society in Western Europe and the Atlantic world, our knowledge on the spread of new consumption patterns in regions beyond the core areas of European economic development is still limited. To gain insights into patterns of...

Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

While several studies have shed light on the emergence of consumer society in Western Europe and the Atlantic world, our knowledge on the spread of new consumption patterns in regions beyond the core areas of European economic development is still limited. To gain insights into patterns of...

As a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military...

The study focuses on the deployment of renewable and low-carbon gases in the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) region, focusing on the 8 BEMIP Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). The report 1) assesses the economic and...

The study focuses on the deployment of renewable and low-carbon gases in the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) region, focusing on the 8 BEMIP Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). The report 1) assesses the economic and...

"This book analyses the potential for active stakeholder engagement in the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in order to foster clean energy deployment. Public acceptability and bottom-up activities can be critical for enduring otucomes to an energy transition. As a result, it is...

Kaliningrad Oblast was created as a war trophy and a symbol of Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945/1946. For nearly seven decades, it played a strictly military role in Soviet and Russian foreign policy, mostly limited to its Baltic Sea surroundings. This changed when Vladimir Putin came...

Using two household account books, this article analyses the family and staff, travel, consumption and flamboyance of the merchant-aristocratic household of the Loitz family in the 1570s. In 1572, the merchant-bankers Loitz, who had been highly successful in international trade and finance from...

Using two household account books, this article analyses the family and staff, travel, consumption and flamboyance of the merchant-aristocratic household of the Loitz family in the 1570s. In 1572, the merchant-bankers Loitz, who had been highly successful in international trade and finance from...

This report explores key challenges and priorities in safeguarding Europe's critical energy infrastructure against both physical and cyber threats amid rising geopolitical tensions. It follows recent sabotage incidents and the extensive development of new offshore energy infrastructure planned...

In the quantitative, macro-oriented triple helix literature, synergy is measured indirectly, through patent data, firm data and other secondary statistical sources. These macro-level quantitative studies do not open up for understanding how different processes of cooperation create different...

The paper at hand discusses the different typologies of combined transportation in Europe. It shows that an improvement of handling infrastructure for combined transport can positively reduce environmental costs of trading between regions. However, the expected emission reduction effects are...

Due to its strategic immensity and opportunities for covert action, the maritime domain has become the most prominent arena of modern-day great power rivalry. In the shadow of this confrontation and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the Baltic Sea is now the focus of geopolitical...

This research presents a comparison of the impact of personal and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of students living in Baltic Sea region countries. Data on students' intentions to start their own businesses was obtained from 10054 respondents studying in Estonia, Finland,...

Due to its strategic immensity and opportunities for covert action, the maritime domain has become the most prominent arena of modern-day great power rivalry. In the shadow of this confrontation and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the Baltic Sea is now the focus of geopolitical...

"The Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region provides insight into the energy trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region. Energy Trilemma in the Baltic Sea Region has undergone significant transformation in the last number of years. Energy actors in the region are struggling to reconcile new questions...

"This book analyses the potential for active stakeholder engagement in the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in order to foster clean energy deployment. Public acceptability and bottom-up activities can be critical for enduring otucomes to an energy transition. As a result, it is...

Changes in travellers' behaviour are among the most significant issues in the recent revolution of the tourism industry. The perception of perceived value and quality lead to rethinking priorities and choices while travelling. The purpose of the article is to analyse the expression of...

The ongoing structural change towards the service and knowledge societies, innovations, and the increasing integration of markets will have considerable influence on the European Union, particularly on the Eastern members of EU. In March 2010, the European Commission released the Europe-2020...

As the rise of China is increasingly viewed as a security-related threat, Europe's engagement with China is entering a new phase. This report investigates emerging threat perceptions of China in the Baltic Sea region, focusing specifically on six liberal small states: Denmark, Estonia, Finland,...

The paper at hand discusses the different typologies of combined transportation in Europe. It shows that an improvement of handling infrastructure for combined transport can positively reduce environmental costs of trading between regions. However, the expected emission reduction effects are...

Which have been the consequences of the euro for integration and economic performance in the Baltic Sea region? After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the three Baltic states and Poland have been rapidly catching-up with Western Europe. The Great Recession became a great setback for the former,...

Which have been the consequences of the euro for integration and economic performance in the Baltic Sea region? After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the three Baltic states and Poland have been rapidly catching-up with Western Europe. The Great Recession became a great setback for the former,...

This DIIS Report identifies Russian national interests in the BSR (Baltic Sea Region) and discusses whether there are continuities and changes in these interests in the post-Crimea era. The Russian discourse on the BSR is explored, including Russian foreign policy schools and official foreign...

"This book analyses the potential for active stakeholder engagement in the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in order to foster clean energy deployment. Public acceptability and bottom-up activities can be critical for enduring otucomes to an energy transition. As a result, it is...

The ongoing structural change towards the service and knowledge societies, innovations, and the increasing integration of markets will have considerable influence on the European Union, particularly on the Eastern members of EU. In March 2010, the European Commission released the Europe-2020...

The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) was the first EU macro-regional strategy to be adopted by the European Commission and endorsed by the European Council in 2009. The Strategy unites eight EU Member States around the Baltic Sea, representing 80 million inhabitants or nearly 16 %...

For Germany and the other large BSR neighbors Poland an the Russian Federation Baltic Sea trade is of minor importance. The BSR is only one integration area - i.e. destination of its exports and origin of its imports - among a lot of peers being located in other directions of the compass rose....

This report, "Towards an implementation strategy for the Sustainable Blue Growth Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region," presents the results of a systematic stakeholder dialogue in the region. Initiated by the European Commission in September 2016, the aim of the dialogue was to identify and discuss...

This report, "Towards an implementation strategy for the Sustainable Blue Growth Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region," presents the results of a systematic stakeholder dialogue in the region. Initiated by the European Commission in September 2016, the aim of the dialogue was to identify and discuss...

This report, "Towards an implementation strategy for the Sustainable Blue Growth Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region," presents the results of a systematic stakeholder dialogue in the region. Initiated by the European Commission in September 2016, the aim of the dialogue was to identify and discuss...

This report, "Towards an implementation strategy for the Sustainable Blue Growth Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region," presents the results of a systematic stakeholder dialogue in the region. Initiated by the European Commission in September 2016, the aim of the dialogue was to identify and discuss...