This study investigates the association among management fees, ESG scores, and investment performance of ESG funds in China. It explores the significance of comprehending the cost-benefit analysis and long-term yields associated with sustainable investing. The investigation specifically...

Blockchains, the technology underlying cryptocurrencies, face large fluctuations in user demand and marginal costs. These fluctuations make effective fee policies necessary to manage transaction service allocation. This paper models the conflict between the blockchain designer and validators...

We study the determinants of transaction fees in Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains, particularly focusing on the recent Merge – Ethereum's shift from a Proof of Work to a Proof of Stake consensus method. Through multivariate regression analysis, we find that blockchain fees in USD increase with...

This paper relies on the framework proposed by (Chiu et al., 2023) and quantitatively evaluates the impact of a retail interest-bearing central bank digital currency (CBDC) on credit supply, welfare, and output. Thanks to their monopoly in the deposit market, banks remunerate below market rates...

We study the determinants of transaction fees in Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchain. We find that the blockchain fee increases with the network congestion in a non-linear manner as hypothesized by Huberman, Leshno, and Moallemi (2019). Blockchain fee is also higher when the price of the associated...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the introduction, in October 2018, of maximum thresholds ("caps") on debit card interchange fees for domestic payment cards in Brazil. We investigate the behavior of card issuers' revenues from debit and credit card interchange fees, the merchant...

In this paper we empirically address the issue of whether reductions in card payment interchange fees have a significant impact on prices paid by consumers. The answer to this question is at the core of most competition policy cases and regulations that have been applied to card payment markets....

Gil–Bazo and Ruiz–Verdú (2009) show that fund families strategically exploit the low performance sensitivity of investors, i.e., investors’ low elasticity of demand with respect to performance, to increase fund fees. Given that environmentally, socially and governance (ESG) focused...

The active mutual fund equilibrium model developed by Berk and Green (2004) predicts that fees should not matter for investors’ mutual fund choices. We examine how fees influence demand for active mutual funds by analyzing time variation in funds’ fees. Since investors should not pay "alpha...

Firms frequently fail to adopt profitable business opportunities even when they do not face informational or liquidity constraints. We explore three behavioral frictions that explain inertia among individuals--present bias, limited memory, and distrust--in a managerial setting. In partnership...

Fee discrimination is commonly used by marketplace platforms (e.g., Amazon, eBay, and Uber). To better understand how marketplace fee discrimination interacts with the hybrid platform business model, we model a marketplace platform that manages fees and categories across a continuum of retail...

Banks impose a variety of account fees, and credit card issuers impose a variety of fees related to card usage. Using detailed data from a 2021 representative diary survey of US consumers, we investigate whether lower-income consumers and Black consumers are more likely to pay bank account or...

Over the past 20 years the consumer payments system has been transformed as electronic payments such as debit and credit cards have rapidly displaced legacy payment systems, especially checks. At the same time, this growth in the use of electronic payments has triggered increasing government...

Trading at decentralized exchanges (DEXs) requires traders to bid blockchain fees to determine the execution priority of their orders. We employ a structural vector-autoregressive (structural VAR) model to provide evidence that DEX trades with high fees not only reveal more private information,...

Confirmation of the settlement on-[block]chain transactions is both costly and takes time as it requires the actions of others (i.e., “bitcoin miners”) who compete to mine a block into which they can compile transactions. In the on-chain settlement competition for bitcoin transactions, users...

As in many developing economies, cash is still widely used in Colombia, even among merchants who accept payment cards. Indeed, 60% of these merchants use dissuasive strategies to make their clients pay with cash. This paper presents estimates of merchant card fees that are optimal according to...

Value-based payment reform helps ensure that payments from governments and insurers provide incentives to support the provision of high value healthcare. This research evaluates the early effects of the first major review of the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), the MBS Review, that...

I study the optimal design of transaction fees and seigniorage for a Proof-of-Work cryptocurrency. Commodity merchants need blockchain miners to record their payments and secure the blockchain by remaining active. Fees make miners willing to process merchants’ transactions by compensating for...

The interplay between investors' demand and providers' incentives has shaped the evolution of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). While early ETFs invest in broad-based indexes and therefore offered diversification at low cost, later products track niche port- folios and charge high fees. Strikingly,...

We study interactions between cryptocurrency trading venues, traders, and taxation in which the venues differ in technology (fast vs. slow). The property distinguishing this market from other markets like equities is the fact that each venue clears trades separately from one another. We show...

Credit unions and banks charge retailers that accept their credit cards a fee, referred to as interchange, for processing each transaction. The fee is a proportion of the transaction and generally depends on the volume of business, the risk of fraud in each transaction, the goods or services...

Does reducing management fees to private equity fund managers preclude investors from hiring skilled managers and induce agency problems? I study a popular management fee contract that reduces management fees by paying a percentage of capital invested into the fund's unrealized projects. Using a...

Confirmation of the settlement on-[block]chain transactions is both costly and takes time as it requires the actions of others (i.e., “bitcoin miners”) who compete to mine a block into which they can compile transactions. In the on-chain settlement competition for bitcoin transactions, users...

The market for payments is an important two-sided one, where consumers benefit from increased merchant acceptance of payment cards and vice versa. The dependence between the decisions that are made on each side of the market results in various network externalities that are often discussed but...

Banks impose a variety of account fees, and credit card issuers impose a variety of fees related to card usage. Using detailed data from a 2021 representative diary survey of US consumers, we investigate whether lower-income consumers and Black consumers are more likely to pay bank account or...