Structural transformation is a central driver of economic development, yet recent challenges such as premature deindustrialization have raised critical questions about whether low-income economies can still follow traditional growth paths that rely on manufacturing expansion to drive...

We argue that secular change in both the production and composition of investment goods has weakened investment's role in the transmission of monetary policy to labor earnings and consumption. We show analytically that fluctuations in the production of investment goods amplify the response of...

In this article, we examine the dynamic interdependencies among components of Japan's consumer price index (CPI) using a two-lag time-varying loading factor (TLTVLF) model. Whereas previous studies have typically decomposed CPI series into long-term trends, seasonal patterns, and cyclical...

This paper examines Mexico's integration into Global Value Chains (GVCs) and its implications for structural change over the period 1995-2020. Using a multiregional input-output framework, the analysis decomposes gross exports into domestic and foreign value added and combines these indicators...

This paper reviews the process of structural transformation (ST) across a wide range of Asian economies. After outlining key theories of ST, it documents Asia's transformation and compares it with patterns observed elsewhere, using standard indicators and broader dimensions of structural change....

Technological change has historically widened or preserved gender gaps in labor market outcomes in favor of men. The World Bank’s Digital Transformation and Its Role in Expanding Women’s Economic Opportunities in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon provided a comprehensive diagnostic of the digital...

Structural transformation is widely recognized as a key driver of productivity growth and economic development, with industrial policies often playing a crucial role in this process. However, the challenge of premature deindustrialization-where economies experience a decline in manufacturing's...

Critical minerals are central to industrial strategies in the Global South, but evidence on how such policies reshape domestic production is limited. This paper maps Indonesia's nickel ecosystem before and after the 2014 export ban using input-output multipliers and labor intensity from the...

Using French micro-data, we show that rapid structural transformation in densely populated cities is driven by the expansion of large tradable services firms and the departure of large manufacturing firms. This reallocation is accompanied by sharply rising house prices but without a compensating...

In order to address the demographically induced labour shortage, it is essential to attract and integrate foreign workers, particularly in the context of Germany's ongoing structural transformation. However, the example of the Saxony-Anhalt part of the central German mining district indicates...

This paper reviews Thailand’s progress in structural transformation and its recent slowdown. It examines the empirical drivers of structural transformation and quantifies their contributions, with the objective of informing policies to reinvigorate the process

Since 2016, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 reforms have improved governance, business regulations, capital markets, the labor market, and the external sector, narrowing structural gaps with frontier economies and improving economic performance. This paper summarizes progress, estimates the output...

This paper studies the long-run effects of foreign tourism on local labor markets and economic development in advanced economies, using Italy as a case study. To isolate plausibly exogenous variation in tourist arrivals, I construct a shift-share measure that interacts changes in outbound...

Emerging economies confront unprecedented challenges mobilizing finance for green industrial transitions while maintaining development trajectories. This paper examines implementation effectiveness across India, South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia-major economies representing diverse political...

Die Chemieindustrie steht im Zentrum der sozial-ökologischen Transformation: Als größter industrieller Verbraucher von Mineralölen und Erdgas in Deutschland und damit bedeutender Verursacher von Emissionen ist sie in besonderem Maße gefordert, sich grundlegend zu verändern. Ohne eine...

Export baskets reflect broader processes of structural change and economic development. While most studies emphasize the emergence of new export specializations, this paper examines an equally important yet neglected pattern-trade exits, defined as sustained declines in revealed comparative...

Industrialization is key for economic development but how it interacts with climate change mitigation is insufficiently understood. However, this relationship is important for scenarios of climate change mitigation, such as reviewed by the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), that seek...

Industrial policy has returned to centre stage after decades of neglect or worse, yet its revival is deeply ambivalent. This chapter argues that effective and desirable industrial policies rests on the alignment of three mutually reinforcing conditions, namely, first, public measures shaping the...

This open access handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of just green transitions and its key dimensions. With a specific focus on the Western Balkans and other key European regions, it explores the core policy thematic areas at the heart of the just green transition and the...

South Africa faces complex tensions between its aspirations to achieve green structural transformation, its ambitious energy transition commitments, and the structural economic conditions that constrain their realization. We argue that emissions reductions achieved to date have been driven at...

This paper investigates the effects of automation on employment dynamics and within-firm earnings inequality in South Africa's formal manufacturing sector. By leveraging matched employeremployee administrative records linked to firm-level import transactions, we find that firms adopting...

This Open Access book illuminates the significant transformation processes brought about by economy-wide shifts towards sustainable modes of production, distribution, and consumption. In particular, the accelerating industrial transformations towards sustainability, in response to global warming...

Indonesia, like many countries, faces multiple interrelated challenges, including climate change, sustainable development pressures, deindustrialization, and the middle-income trap. These challenges underscore the importance of formulating industrial policies within the green structural...

Following the proliferation of net-zero targets, and against a backdrop of fossil fuel supply volatility, major Western economies - the US and the EU - have embraced green industrial policies. This paper reviews the history of industrial policymaking and the factors that have led to the...

India's development strategy is currently focused on harnessing the potential of the manufacturing sector through a range of industrial policy interventions to create decent new job opportunities for its youthful population. However, for late-industrializers like India, 'industrialize first and...