The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between a brand's trust in consumer decisions and its maintenance over time in a retail chain in northern Brazil known as Bemol. The sample consists of 210 respondents, customers of Bemol, and the methodology used is a model of...

Prior studies intensively rely on lifestyle segmentation to investigate the patterns of purchase and consumption decisions. However, the literature does not specifically relate lifestyle profiles with the types of consumer decisions (i.e., purchasing vs. consumption decisions). Therefore, this...

This research contains a novelty in producing a study program brand audit method and developing a brand salience development model in higher education, which has not been widely discussed. A quantitative-explanative research method was used in this study by collecting online survey data on the...

We develop a theory of collective brand reputation for markets in which product quality is jointly determined by local and global players. In a repeated game of imperfect public monitoring, we model collective branding as an aggregation of quality signals generated in different markets. Such...

Virtual cross-border medical tourism allows many residents in the United States to purchase brand name medicines from companies in Mexico without travelling there. Monthly economic reports indicate that the online brand name pharmaceutical product prices in Mexico are noticeably lower than the...

The Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 changed consumer purchasing behaviour and brand perception. Regional brands were denied their traditional availability and communication channels due to lockdowns. This poses a question whether regional brands are even relevant for consumers and companies...

We study the prevalence of forest fires in Spain in the long run by computing the probability that a forest tree, as opposed to shrub or bush, will be lost to fire over one year. We first show that climate change increases the likelihood of this event. Next, we document how risk grew...

Organizations strive to satisfy salient and unmet consumer needs by providing value through their products and services. If environmentally sustainable "green" brands successfully exist by addressing environmental issues in developed countries where environmental consciousness is high, there may...

This article offers a reappraisal of a pair of remarkably contemporary enforcement actions brought by the Northern Renaissance artist Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) against copyists of his work. These cases have long been debated by art, cultural and copyright historians insofar as they appear to...

There are various reasons why foreign brand owners may be interested in the Nigerian market. First is the significant population of Nigeria, which stands at over 200 million people. Second is the fact that Nigeria is a large nation of consumers, and third is the fact that fast-moving consumer...

When a consumer purchases a product based on the influence of a brand ambassador acting as an endorser, should such brand ambassador be held liable when the product is defective? These questions have been lingering in the legal space because of the power and influence a brand ambassador...

Climate change and the recent rapid expansion of residential areas into rural areas after the outbreak of COVID-19 expose more communities to the wildfire risk. This research adopts a unique database containing house transaction data from near the boundary of the Bushfire Prone Area (BPA), which...

Disturbance trends over recent decades indicate that climate change is resulting in increased fire severity and extent in Australia’s temperate Eucalyptus forests. As disturbance cycles become shorter and of greater magnitude empirical measurements are required to identify changes in forest...

Wildfires have increased around the Earth, in the last years. These events are usually caused by intentional illegal burnings and frequently run out of control. Wildfire has been pointed out as an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements (TE) – such as,...

There remains a high level of ambiguity around post-fire grazing management. The Lodgepole Complex fire burned 109,346 ha in east-central Montana in July 2017, including areas previously burned in 2003 by the Bureau of Land Management for fuels mitigation. We hypothesized that herbaceous...

Warming temperatures and changing weather patterns are causing more frequent and severe disturbances in western North American forests. The increasing length and severity of recent wildfire seasons have annually caused widespread injury to millions of trees, facilitating the subsequent outbreak...

This study suggests that although Siberian wildfires of 2019 were extreme, their policy-related drivers were overlooked. Remote sensing analysis (MODIS and VIIRS fire radiative power) confirmed that 2019 wildfires lasted from June to August and were the 2nd strongest in decade in Siberia. Two...

Widespread population exposure to wildland fire smoke underscores the urgent need for new techniques to characterize fire-derived pollution for epidemiologic studies and to build climate-resilient communities especially for aging populations. Using atmospheric chemical transport modeling, we...

Full suppression strategies remain the dominant option in wildfire management, despite a large body of research demonstrating the ecological and economic benefits of allowing unplanned wildfires to burn under favorable conditions. Consequently, empirical research identifying and understanding...

We study how air pollution impacts the U.S. labor market by analyzing effects of drifting wildfire smoke that can affect populations far from the fires themselves. We link satellite smoke plume with labor market outcomes to estimate that an additional day of smoke exposure reduces quarterly...

In today’s digital economy, online competitive advertising plays a central role in informing consumers about low prices and other desirable product features. Accordingly, rivals have a strong incentive and opportunity to place anticompetitive limits on the flow of information. They do so by...

Manufacturers frequently resist heavy discounting of their products by retailers, especially when they are used as so-called loss leaders. Since low prices should increase demand and manufacturers could simply refuse to fund deep price promotions, such resistance is puzzling at first sight. We...

Although the use of administrative adjudication as a revocation mechanism U.S. intellectual property law has been well established in trademark law for over 60 years, it is patent law’s more recent, but more frequent, engagement with agency process that has influenced the IP-administrative...

With this article I intend to provide a study of pharmaceutical trademarks mainly under European Union trademark legislation. Compared to other kinds of trademarks, the pharmaceutical ones present a particular set of legal problems. Among these, I address four specific issues that I consider to...

A digital footprint is a salient factor to draw a strategy for remarketing and building the relationship between consumers’ uses of branded mobile apps and their brand engagement. The purpose of this paper is to examine the utilization of the marketing adaptability of branded mobile...

We study the patent strategy of pharmaceutical firms in reaction to the threat of generic entry. Estimating difference-in-differences saturated with a host of fixed effects, we show that while these firms continue to produce patents after a drug is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration...

In this study, Airbnb's brand personality is explored in relation to its effects on consumer involvement and institutional trust. The objective of this paper is to fill a gap in marketing research by building up a solid understanding of the relationship between those constructs in the context of...

The likelihood of confusion standard defines the scope of trademark infringement. Likelihood of confusion examines whether there is a substantial risk that consumers will be confused as to the source, identity, sponsorship, or origin of the defendants’ goods or services. This Article presents...

Retailers operating on marketplaces may infringe trademarks. While these retailers are liable as infringers under European Union law, the operator of the marketplace is not. The marketplaces’ obligations are limited to certain duties, such as taking down infringing offers on notice and...